SS8H7 Review SS8H7 The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918. a. Evaluate the impact the Bourbon Triumvirate, Henry Grady, International Cotton Exposition, Tom Watson and the Populists, Rebecca Latimer Felton, the 1906 Atlanta Riot, the Leo Frank Case, and the county unit system had on Georgia during this period. b. Analyze how rights were denied to African-Americans through Jim Crow laws, Plessy v. Ferguson, disenfranchisement, and racial violence. c. Explain the roles of Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. DuBois, John and Lugenia Burns Hope, and Alonzo Herndon

Bourbon Triumvirate Joseph E. Brown Alfred H. Colquitt John B. Gordon Each wanted to have stronger economic ties to the North to expands GA’s economy.

Henry Grady Helped “sell” New South Managing editor of Atlanta Constitution Principal planner of Intl Cotton Exposition Wanted better race relations Pushed for Industrialization

International Cotton Exposition Designed to show off New South (Industrial)

Populists Political party formed in the late 1800’s by labor organizations and the Farmer’s Alliance Supported the rights of the “Common People” - Farmers and hourly wage workers.

Tom Watson Lawyer General Assembly Concerned about struggling farmers Populist Supporter

Rebecca Latimer Felton Leader in suffrage and temprance movements Helped reform Convict Lease System Elected to Congress

1906 Atlanta Riot Race Riot Martial Law ( military law)

Leo Frank Accused of Killing Mary Phagan Convicted to death Governor changed to life in prison Angry mob got him out of prison, took him back to home county, and hanged him

County Unit System Gave more populous counties more unit votes Urban (eight counties) (six unit votes) Town (30 Counties) (four unit votes) Rural (121 Counties) (two unit votes)

Jim Crow Laws Established “separate but equal” facilities for whites and blacks in the south These facilities were not equal

Plessy vs. Ferguson Opened door for more Jim Crow Laws Furthered segregation In 1892, Homer Plessy bought a train ticket in Lousiana. He was seven-eighths white and one eighth black. He sat in the “whites only” section. He refused to move and was arrested. He did this intentionally to challenge Jim Crow Laws. The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the Jim Crow law, so Plessy’s case was defeated. This furthered segregation in the South.

Disenfranchisement Having voting rights taken away Poll Tax Grandfather Clause White Primary Literacy Tests

Booker T. Washington Civil Rights leader Wanted economic independence for African Americans Forceful speaker Taught Self Improvement President of Tuskegee Institute

W.E.B. Dubois Taught “Talented Tenth” Did not agree with Booker T. Washington He wanted 10% to lead the rest of the African American population

John and Lugenia Burns Hope John Hope – Important educator of African Americans Lugenia Burns Hope – His wife – civic leader – Neighborhood Organizer

Alonzo Herndon Was born a slave After slavery, he became a great businessman Started Insurance Company – today known as Atlanta Life Insurance Company