1. Chapter 9 Sections 3 and 4 Chapter 10 Sections 1-4
The New South
Chapter 9 Sections 3 and 4
Chapter 10 Sections 1-4

2. The Bourbon Triumvirate (Redeemer)
Three Democrats that controlled Georgia’s government after Reconstruction between the years of
Powerful Democratic leaders (political power), known as the “Bourbon Triumvirate” were Joseph E. Brown, Alfred H. Colquitt, and John B. Gordon.
Their goals were:
expand Georgia’s economy and ties with industries (ex. Textile mills) in the North
maintain the tradition of white supremacy.

3. The Bourbon Triumvirate (Redeemer)
Ideas they had in common
White Supremacy- The belief that the white race is superior to any other races
Criticized for these problems
Not helping the poor
Not improving education
Poor factory and jail conditions
Accomplishments:
Expanding business and industry, reducing war debts, and lowering taxes

4. Henry Grady (New South Era)
Challenged the Bourbon Triumvirate wanted Georgia to be more industrialized.
Henry Grady was known as the “Voice of the South” because of his newspaper influence (coined the phrase “New South”)
Made African-Americans part of his economic growth
Helped plan the International Cotton Exposition.
Brought investors from the North which created jobs in Georgia.

5. International Cotton Exposition (p. 361)
Was a 3 month exposition (show) held in Georgia in 1895.
The Purpose was to:
Show how cotton was made into a marketable product
Show off the economic recovery of the South
Bring Northern investors (money) to Georgia.
To highlight Georgia’s Natural Resources.
Major GA industries in the New South Era:
Textiles, forest products, and mining
Led to the growth of the textile industry in GA
Water resources, network of railroad lines, supply of cotton, and coastal seaports

6. Rebecca Latimer Felton
Independent Democrat who was against the Bourbon Triumvirate
Involved in the Women’s Suffrage movement (trying to help women get the right to vote)- 19th amendment
Involved in the Temperance Movement -18th amendment (ban on alcohol)
Women and Men against alcohol abuse
Leader of the temperance movement.
Columnist for Atlanta Journal for 41 years (focused on prison reform)
Prison Reform- Wanted to ensure people were obeying the rules of the Convict Lease System.
CLS- prisoners used for labor by private businesses/industry; Businesses openly violated regulations
Best Remembered for:
She was the first woman in the U.S. Senate (she only served one day at the age of 87)

7. Tom Watson and the Populists
Members of labor organizations joined to form a new political party called the People’s Party. It was usually called the Populist Party.- (Supported 8 hour workday, graduated income tax, and Australian ballot)
Made up of groups called “The Grange and Farmer’s Alliance”
Wanted to make life easier for the “common man” (all colors)
Bring reform in agriculture
Elected to General Assembly (Ga. state legislature) as a Democrat (supported by all people)
Became a Populist(of the people)-Elected to U.S. House of Representatives
Passing RFD (Rural Free Delivery Bill) (Watson introduced this!)
This bill meant that rural farm families would now have their mail delivered to their homes for free.
Took several years to put into place, but farm families no longer had to travel to the nearest post office for their mail.
His views on Civil Rights “did a 180”

8. Jim Crow Laws (p )
Laws made by states and cities to segregate (keep separate) the African-Americans and whites
Separate-but-equal facilities for everything
People could be punished for “consorting” with members of another race
Intermarriage was illegal
Businesses and public institutions were told to keep their black and white clientele separated

9. Jim Crow Laws (p. 351- 352) “Separate but Equal” African-Americans:
Kept them from voting
They had inferior facilities
Made them feel they were not good enough
Whites:
Segregation (separation of the races)-was the way of life
Made whites feel superior

10. Plessy v. Ferguson (p. 352)
Case was known as ”Separate-but-equal” ruling
Georgia/other southern states continued “separate-but-equal” in all forms of daily life.
This Supreme Court ruling gave the new “black codes” called Jim Crow Laws, a legal right to be enforced if violated by African Americans.

11. Booker T. Washington
Born a slave-raised as son of former sharecroppers
Civil rights leader
College professor and president of Tuskegee Institute (Alabama)
Gave speech at the International Cotton States Exposition – “Atlanta Compromise Speech” 1895
Proposed that blacks and whites should agree to benefit from each other economically
Blacks and whites did not have to mix socially
Blacks should not push for equal rights but work to improve themselves- learn a skill and no violence
Get a job any job – “Equality will come overtime”

12. W.E.B. Dubois Civil rights leader Professor at Atlanta University
Wanted and pushed for social and political
integration of races. Wanted equal rights for all citizens immediately.
Felt Washington’s ideas would keep blacks in a position that was lower than whites.
Wanted higher education for 10% of the black population (“Talented Tenth”) so they could become leaders for all other blacks.
Organized the Niagara Movement to end Jim Crow laws- This movement was made of a group of black educators and professionals. Later became known as the NAACP.
Helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

13. 1906 Atlanta Riot (p. 358)
Newspaper articles, written by important business men like Tom Watson added to racial tension.
Based on reports about African-Americans inappropriate interactions with white women and alcohol abuse (some true/some not)
The increase in population put pressure on race relations because of job competition.
Response was to pass laws restricting African Americans.
Martial law (military rule) needed to bring Atlanta under control
Riot lasted 3 days- 18 African-Americans killed, 3 whites killed, hundreds injured
High cost of property damage (buildings burned and destroyed)

14. Racial Violence
Threat of racial violence was used to stop African Americans from voting or getting more power
KKK used violence such as beatings, burnings, and lynchings to enforce segregation
Lynching became common practice of the racial extremists; particularly the KKK.
A lynching is an illegal hanging, usually by mobs, or burning at the stake of African Americans in the United States.

15. Leo Frank (p )
Found guilty of killing 13 year old-Mary Phagan
Governor of Georgia Slaton commuted his sentence to life in prison
A group of prominent men (ex governor, mayor, judge, lawyers, business owners) took Leo Frank from his cell in Milledgeville, drove him to Marietta, and hung him from a tree in front of Mary Phagan’s house.
Rebirth of the KKK (Ku Klux Klan) This was a huge “setback” in Civil Rights
Other results:
Governor had to leave state
Prominent men became “vigilantes”
People started thinking about “child labor”
laws

16. John & Lugenia Burns Hope
Believed that black people should have the same quality programs as whites
John Hope was president of Atlanta Baptist College (Morehouse)
Was a friend of W.E.B DuBois and helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Lugenia Hope fought for good housing, health care, jobs and recreational programs for blacks in Atlanta and the United States
Helped organize the Boys and Girls Club in Atlanta
Organized Neighborhood Union -to improve living conditions for black people

17. County Unit System
1917 Main political party in Georgia was the Democratic party
County Unit System established by the McNeill Primary Act (allowed smaller, less populated counties in GA to have the same or greater power and influence in the GA General Assembly as larger, more populated counties)
Using the County Units, the smaller counties with only 1/3 of the voters could win an election
Candidates could win an election without a majority of the votes
CUS was declared “Unconstitutional” and ended in 1962

18. Alonzo Herndon Born a slave
Black businessman who owned many barbershops and later bought a small insurance company and owned over 100 houses (for rentals)
Atlanta Mutual Insurance Company - hired black college graduates to run the company
Now called the Atlanta Life Insurance Company and is one of the largest African American owned businesses in the USA

19. Disfranchisement Right to vote granted by 15th amendment
Southern states made it difficult for African-American men to vote
% of Georgia was AA
Grandfather clause-only men whose grandfathers voted in 1867 were allowed to vote
Poll tax-tax to be able to vote
Literacy test-had to be able to read
Gerrymander- to draw up the voting district to benefit a certain group
White Primary
Property Requirements

20. Video Links http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IOrsno4UYBQ