The Populists AIM: How successful were the Populists in dealing with the problems of the farmers?

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Presentation transcript:

The Populists AIM: How successful were the Populists in dealing with the problems of the farmers?

I. Problems of the Farmer Prosperity tied to the weather. Falling crop prices Mortgage Foreclosures High Tariffs High RR rates Middlemen high rates

How does Nast explain the difficulty in getting RR laws passed?

II. Granger Cases A. Munn v. Illinois, 1877 Facts: IL passed a law to fix rates RR could charge Issue: Can a state regulate RR rates? Decision: Movement of grain is in the public interest and can be regulated

B. Wabash v. Illinois 1886 1. Facts: RR charged more for a short haul vs. a long haul Issue: Can a state regulate RR rates that cross state lines? Decision: Only Congress can regulate interstate trade

Interstate Commerce Act 1887 Sought to regulate railroad abuses such as pools, rebates Ineffective for many years

III. Money Problem Farmers silver backed money. Increase money in supply. Cause Inflation = Crop Prices will go UP = pay off their debts Problem:

1861-1864: Greenback issued Farmers and Debtors v. Wealthy B. Crime of 1873- gov’t stopped coining silver Bland Allison Act – 1878 1. Limited coinage 16:1 ratio

1890 Sherman Silver Purchase Act 1. Increased purchase and coinage silver 2. People began hoarding gold, depletes Treasury

IV. Populist and Politics A. Goals of the Populist Party

1. Omaha Platform 1892 Direct election of senators Initiatives and Referendums Unlimited coinage of silver to increase money supply

Graduated income tax Public ownership of RR, telegraphs, telephones Federal loans and warehouse for farmers 8 hour work day

2. Election of 1892 a. James Weaver (Populist candidate) b. Lose southern vote Why? c. Grover Cleveland

3. Panic of 1893 Stock market crash due to RR overbuilding Unemployment and loss of farms Soup Kitchens/Hobos President Cleveland takes laissez faire approach

Residents of a shantytown on Chicago’s lakefront after the Panic of 1893.

J.P. Morgan offers to buy US gold bonds to protect it from leaving the country. Wilson-Gorman Tariff 1894 1) Reduces tariff 2) Income tax on income higher than $2000 a year

4. Coxey’s Army a. Jacob A Coxey of Ohio leads 1000’s of unemployed on march on Washington b. Demand $500 Million pubic works project

c. Army arrests protesters d. William H. Harvey “Coin’s Financial School” blames bankers

V. Election of 1896 A. Candidates William Jennings Bryan (D) “Silverites” William McKinley (R) “Gold Bugs”

B. William Jennings Bryan “Gold Cross Speech” “You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns! You shall not crucify mankind upon this cross of gold!!”

C. Outcome of Election

D. Significance of Election 1. Populist Demise Urban Dominance Beginnings of modern politics

E. Impact of the Populists How did the Omaha Platform inspire a generation later with government reform goals?