2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system: blood Hematology Use worksheet page 96: structures of blood (I did not use - too many copies) Use worksheet page 115 for blood types ( I did use this with blood typing activity)

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Essential questions What are the structures of blood? What is hematology? 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 2

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Blood Hemat- = blood -ology = the study of The average adult has 8 – 10 pints. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 3

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Blood One drop of blood contains: 5 million RBCs 250,000-500,000 platelets 7,500 WBCs Red blood cells live 120 days. New blood cells created 2 million per second! 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 4

Structures (Components) of the blood Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 5

2.01 Remeber the structures of the circulatory system Plasma Liquid portion without cellular components Straw-colored liquid 55% of the blood’s volume Water Plasma proteins Nutrients Electrolytes Hormones, vitamins, and enzymes Waste products Plasma Cellular elements 6 2.01 Remeber the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Plasma proteins Fibrinogen Albumin Globulin Gamma globulin Prothrombin Plasma Cellular elements 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 7

Plasma proteins Fibrinogen Helps with blood clotting Made in liver Albumin Helps blood to coagulate Needs vitamin K for prothrombin synthesis Globulin Gamma Globulin Prothrombin - helps blood to coagulate, needs vitamin K for prothrombin synthesis Plasma Cellular elements 8

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Erythrocytes Biconcave disk Hemoglobin Hemo (blood) Globin (protein) Blood protein that gives the cells its red color Transportation Oxygen to cells Carbon dioxide away from cells 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 9

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Leukocytes (WBC) Fight Infection Larger than erythrocytes Leuk/o/cytes – white cells Five types Neutrophil Monocyte Lymphocyte Eosinophil basophil 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 10

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Leukocytes Agranulocytes (without granules) Lymphocytes Monocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 11

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Leukocytes Granulocytes With granules Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 12

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Thrombocytes Smallest of solid components of blood Synthesized in red marrow Not cells, composed of fragments of megakaryocytes Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 13

Life span of blood cells... 2.01 14

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Blood types What are the types of blood? Inherited from parents Determined by presence or absence of an antigen on the surface of the red blood cell 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 15

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Check your knowledge of medical history... In 1901, the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood may be grouped into four main types. Based on the reaction that resulted when blood from different individuals were mixed. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 16

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Blood types Blood from the donor to the recipient must be compatible The problem occurs when the protein (antigen) outer layer of RBC of a donor becomes coagulated or agglutinated (clumped) with the plasma proteins (agglutinins or antibodies ) of the recipient 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 17

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Blood types There are four different types of blood A B AB O They are determined by the protein (antigen) found on the RBC 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 18

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Blood types Type A RBC’s have A antigen with B antibodies Type B RBC’s have B antigen with A antibodies Type AB RBC’s have AB antigen with no antibodies Type O RBC’s have (zero) antigen with A and B antibodies AB is universal recipient O is universal donor 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 19

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Blood types AB is universal recipient: Universal recipient since it does not have agglutinins (antibodies) in the plasma O is universal donor Universal donor since it does not have antigens (proteins) on the surface of the RBC’s 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 20

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Rh factor Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited trait that refers to a specific protein found on the surface of red blood cells (antigen). Blood used in transfusions must match donors for Rh status as well as for ABO blood type. Although Rh factor doesn't affect the patient’s health, it can affect pregnancy. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 21

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Rh factor In 1940, the Rh factor was discovered as a result of studying Rhesus monkeys. When blood from monkeys was injected into rabbits and guinea pigs, it clotted. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 22

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Rh factor If the blood has the protein, the patient is Rh positive. If the blood lacks the protein, the patient is Rh negative. Did you know??? 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 23

What is blood: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JRnaSfdjdl0 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 24