Chapter 2 Section 5: The Middle Colonies

Objectives Explain how Dutch New Netherland became English New York. Describe William Penn’s relationship with Indians in Pennsylvania. Compare and contrast the Pennsylvania Colony to other colonies.

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Terms and People push factor – events and circumstances that motivate people to leave their homes pull factor − events and circumstances that attract people to a new location William Penn − wealthy Quaker Englishman who founded Pennsylvania Quaker − unlike Puritans, sought inner understanding of Bible, considered women equal, and were pacifists

What were the characteristics of the Middle Colonies? The English settled on the northern and southern Atlantic coast of North America. Swedes and Dutch settled small colonies on the mid-Atlantic coast. Later the English came to control most of the Atlantic seaboard.

Rivers were important to the Middle Colonies for many reasons Rivers were important to the Middle Colonies for many reasons. Why do you think so?

The Middle Colonies Pennsylvania New York New Jersey

The Dutch West Indies Company spurred the development of New Netherland. Ships sent up the Hudson River to trade for furs from Indians. With traders and farmers, founded present-day Albany, New York. Founded New Amsterdam, now present- day New York City.

Characteristics of Dutch Colonies Settled mainly by farmers and traders from the Netherlands, France, Germany, and Norway. Colonies tolerated various religious groups including Jews, Baptists, and Lutherans. The Dutch West Indies Company appointed officials and bought land from Indians.

Push and pull factors decreased or increased immigration. ENGLAND Didn’t accept different religions Large number of poor people NETHERLANDS Religious tolerance Few poor people

The Dutch took command of New Sweden. In 1638, Swedish and Finnish farmers and traders built the small colony of Delaware. The colony expanded to parts of present- day New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland.

The English and Dutch were intense rivals for global trade in the 1650s and 1660s. The English sent an expedition and forced New Sweden Governor Stuyvesant to surrender the colony.

When the English moved into the Middle Colonies: They renamed New Amsterdam to New York after the Duke of York. The Duke of York took over governing the colony as a proprietary colony. York designated formation of a new colony in 1664, now present-day New Jersey.

The Pennsylvania Colony was founded in 1682. Started by William Penn, a wealthy Quaker who cultivated peace with the Indians. Quaker beliefs: No clergy leadership Women spiritually equal to men Pacifist―don’t fight wars or bear arms Tolerate other faiths

Unlike other English leaders, Quaker William Penn bought land from the Indians.

Pennsylvania became William Penn’s “holy experiment” for political and religious freedom. Penn guaranteed fundamental liberties. Tolerant policies encouraged people of different religions to settle in PA. The colonists didn’t try to convert the Indians.

Penn named the capital Philadelphia, which means “city of brotherly love.” Penn’s Landing: Located in Philadelphia; near the location where William Penn arrived in PA.

Little religious tolerance Massachusetts Bay Pennsylvania Virginia Founded by Puritans seeking religious freedom Founded by Quakers seeking religious freedom Founded by people looking for new ways to succeed financially No religious tolerance Religious tolerance Little religious tolerance

The Middle Colonies were more diverse. There were diverse ethnic and religious groups in the Middle Colonies. No religious uniformity was necessary

The Middle Colonies’ diversity became part of the nation’s character. The ethnic and religious pluralism in the Middle Colonies was an early example of how the U.S. later developed into a melting pot.

Section 5 Assessment Why were the Middle Colonies more diverse than the New England or Southern Colonies? (Pg. 59) What did William Penn do to promote diversity in Pennsylvania? (Pg. 57) In what ways did the Quaker beliefs differ from those of the Puritans? (Pg. 57) Why do you think Pennsylvania’s location was important to its success as a colony? (Pg. 57)

They believed that political order did not depend on people’s ethnic backgrounds or religious beliefs; they were more tolerant of others He put in place tolerant policies of others’ beliefs and did not force Native Americans to convert The Quakers believed in religious freedom, but the Puritans did not It is located in between New England and the Southern Colonies, has access to the Chesapeake Bay, was the colonial hub