Early Humans and the Rise of Civilization Get Ready to investigate! Early Humans and the Rise of Civilization

Investigating the past How can we get ready!?!

Investigating the past

Investigating the past - Geography challenge

Investigating the past – your thoughts DO NOW: Using your Interactive Student Notebook, quickly sketch one object you currently own and you think someone might find 20,000 years from now.

How do we examine evidence of the past?

Investigating the past Think back to last week when we completed our own archeological dig. Can you see how archeologists use teams, data and other tools to interpret what happened in the past? Do we have to be formally trained archeologists to investigate the past? No, look at the four French teenagers from LASCAUX in your chapter introduction section. They found important cave paintings on 9/12/1940. Let’s look at some other paintings.

Investigating the past Vocabulary Archaeologist – an expert who studies the past by examining objects that people have left behind Artifact – an object made or used by people in the past Geographer – an expert who studies and creates maps of Earth’s natural and humanmade features Historian – an expert who studies and records the past Ritual – relating to a ceremony, such as a religious ceremony Document – a written work that contains important information Feature – an important part or characteristic of something Environment – all of the physical surroundings in a place, including land, water, animals, plants, and climate Prehistoric – before written history

Investigating the past – cave paintings This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND WHAT CAN WE LEARN ABOUT THE PAST FROM CAVE PAINTINGS? WHAT INSIGHT ARE THEY PROVIDING? WHAT STORIES ARE THEY TELLING? WHAT CONCLUSIONS CAN WE DRAW?

Investigating the past – What is a ritual? Relating to a ceremony, usually religious.

Looking closer at the Cradles of civilization

Early hominins The above video gives us a quick snapshot of one major theory on early humans.

Early Hominins – Vocabulary Skeleton – the bones that make up the body of a person or animal Homo habilis – “Handy Man” – a very early form of humans Capability – ability or skill Trait –a special feature or characteristic Homo erectus – “Upright Man” – believed to be the first early hominins to migrate Migrate – to move from one geographic region to another Homo Neanderthalensis – “Neanderthal Man” – scientist believe are closely related to modern humans Intelligence – a strong mental ability to reason and gain knowledge Community – a group of people who live in the same area and are united by common interests Homo Sapiens – “Wise Men” – the first modern humans Contribute – to give, along with others, to a common cause

Hominins EARLY ANCESTORS OF HUMANS. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Hominins EARLY ANCESTORS OF HUMANS. We can characterize their differences by different capabilities.

DONALD JOHANSON AND LUCY: In 1974, American paleoanthropologist Donald Johanson discovered “Lucy” in Africa (in the Afar Triangle). Lucy and others like her classified as Australopithecus Afarensis. 3 feet tall Combination of human and ape Walked on her feet and used her hands to carry. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND Early Hominins

MARY & LOUIS LEAKEY AND HOMO HABILIS: Discovered in 1959, and more in 1960 on the continent of Africa Homo Habilis – “Handy Man” Found amongst tools (sharp pieces of stone and digging sticks) Worked together to protect themselves from animals This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC hominins

Hominins – homo erectus Homo erectus “Upright Man” – found by Eugene Dubois in 1891 on the island of Java The first hominins found outside of Africa Taller, thinner and able to make more complex tools and FIRE. How the Use of Fire Changed Our Human Evolution (NatGeo) https://youtu.be/IFFD6aq43YU

Hominins – homo neanderthalenis Found by miners in the German Neander Valley, 1865 Lived in Africa, the Near East, Europe, and parts of Asia. Improved on Homo erectus’s complex tools. Lived, worked traveled in groups – sense of COMMUNITY This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY Hominins – homo neanderthalenis

Hominins – homo sapiens Early Modern Humans Used land bridges to travel Africa, Asia, Europe and Australia. Round skulls, large brains, small teeth, thinner bones than Homo Neanderthalensis Improved tools, including spear thrower and bow & arrow. Built shelters Wore clothing Developed musical instruments Used art to Teach Express Communicate Religious rituals Hominins – homo sapiens

From Early hominins to civilization This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC