Diabetes Prevention Taking Good Health to Heart Month 4; Class 2

What Are the Risk Factors for Heart Disease?

The Harm Smoking Does Modifiable risk factor Even small amount of tobacco will cause damage 1.Damages arteries 2.Lowers HDL good cholesterol 3.Increases blood clotting 4.Smoking a cigarette can trigger a heart attack

Blood Pressure Modifiable risk factor Lower the better DASH high fruit & veg low saturated fat Low sodium Physical activity Weight loss Avoid alcohol excess

DietActivityWeightTobacco Blood Pressure The Impact of Lifestyle Modifications DASH Diet (rich in fruits & vegetables) improves Physical Activity Improves Weight Loss Improves Short term increase in BP

LDL Bad Cholesterol Know your goal Beat your goal Lower is better Adds risk Limit saturated fat Eat more soluble fiber Physical Activity Weight Loss Count grams of Saturated fat. <10 g if you have heart disease; <20 g for others

Impact of Lifestyle Modifications DietActivityWeightTobacco Blood Pressure DASH Diet (rich in fruits & vegetables) improves Physical Activity Improves Weight Loss Improves Short term increase in BP LDL Bad Cholesterol Low saturated fat Include soluble fiber Physical Activity Improves Weight loss Improves

HDL Good Cholesterol Dietary modifications Exercise Weight loss No tobacco Modifiable risk factor Higher the better High HDL is protective

Impact of Lifestyle Modifications DietActivityWeightTobacco Blood Pressure DASH Diet (rich in fruits & vegetables) improves Physical Activity Improves Weight Loss Improves Short term increase in BP LDL Bad Cholesterol Low saturated fat Include soluble fiber Physical Activity Improves Weight Loss Improves HDL Good Cholesterol Include good fats in diet Physical Activity Improves Weight loss Improves Tobacco makes worse

Triglycerides Newer risk factor Most commonly elevated in diabetes and high levels of alcohol Weight loss Physical activity Alcohol avoidance Tobacco avoidance Diet Low fat Or High Omega-3

Impact of Lifestyle Modifications DietActivityWeightTobacco Blood Pressure DASH Diet (rich in fruits & vegetables) improves Physical Activity Improves Weight Loss Improves Short term increase in BP LDL Bad Cholesterol Low saturated fat Include soluble fiber Physical Activity Improves Weight Loss Improves HDL Good Cholesterol Include good fats in diet Physical Activity Improves Weight Loss Improves Tobacco makes worse Triglycerides Variable Physical Activity Improves Weight loss Improves Tobacco makes worse

Diabetes #1 Cause of Blindness 90% Preventable #1 Cause of Kidney Failure Most is Preventable #1 Cause of NT Amputation 40% to 50% Preventable 60% to 70% of Diabetes Deaths are Cardiovascular Stroke Heart Failure Coronary Heart Disease

Modifying Risk Case Study Martha is a 55 year old non- diabetic female… Does not smoke BP 139/88 HDL 43 LDL 173 Triglycerides 198 Glucose year risk = 10.6% 123/ % 99

Modifying Risk Case Study Martha is a 55 year old non- diabetic female… Does not smoke BP 139/88 HDL 43 LDL 173 Triglycerides 198 Glucose year risk = 10.6% 149/ % 136

The Metabolic Syndrome Low HDL cholesterol Borderline triglycerides Central obesity Prehypertension Impaired fasting glucose

Stress Effect 1.Depression increases heart attack mortality 2.Hostility, poor social and emotional support, and lack of control over life associated with poor outcomes 3.May lead to destructive life habits

Aspirin Doctors discuss aspirin chemoprevention with adults who are at increased risk for heart disease Benefits Harms Choose aspirin when your risk of a serious heart problem is greater than 3% in the next 5 years

"The doctor of the future will give no medicine, but will interest his patient in the care of the human frame, in diet and in the cause and prevention of disease." --Thomas A. Edison