CSE 341 Programming Languages Autumn 2003 Instructor: Steve Tanimoto email: tanimoto@cs.washington.edu Teaching assistants: Jessica Miller Aiman Erbad Purpose: To gain a broad view of programming languages and learn fundamental concepts that relate to them. CSE 341 -- S. Tanimoto Introduction

Reasons to Study Programming Languages Improve our understanding of computation and problem solving; our thoughts are shaped by our language (Whorfian hypothesis). Be able to choose the best language for the task. Gain facility at learning new languages. Gain access to great programming “literature”. Build an appreciation for rich programming environments and libraries. Be able to create “little languages” for specific purposes. CSE 341 -- S. Tanimoto Introduction

Languages and Major Topics to be Covered Lisp ML (Java*) Prolog Perl visual languages Functional programming “ “ with static typing (Object-oriented design*). Logic programming Scripting. Visual programming *optional implementation language for projects. CSE 341 -- S. Tanimoto Introduction

Detailed Topics with Lisp Interactive programming Functional programming, referential transparency, recursive functions Functions as first-class objects, closures List processing, uniformity of programs and data Polymorphism Macros Web-based interaction (optional) CSE 341 -- S. Tanimoto Introduction

Detailed Topics with ML Static types Type inference More functional programming Pattern matching CSE 341 -- S. Tanimoto Introduction

Detailed Topics with Java Object-oriented design Inheritance, interfaces, information hiding. Security and exception handling Portable graphics library: AWT Support for multiple threads CSE 341 -- S. Tanimoto Introduction

Detailed Topics with Prolog Specification as programming Predicate logic Horn clauses Unification, resolution CSE 341 -- S. Tanimoto Introduction

Detailed Topics with Perl Scripting languages Pattern matching with regular expressions Associative arrays. CGI programming for web-based services Integration with operating system and databases. CSE 341 -- S. Tanimoto Introduction

Detailed Topics in Visual Programming History of visual programming execution models: control flow, data flow, visual rules, direct manipulation, algorithm animation Example systems: Agentsheets, Prograph, Stagecast Creator, ToonTalk, Data Factory Representation and learnability Scalability CSE 341 -- S. Tanimoto Introduction

CSE 341 -- S. Tanimoto Introduction Textbooks Steven Tanimoto: Symbols, Programs, Interaction: An Introduction to Common Lisp (Spring 2003 version). (OPTIONAL!) Patrick Niemeyer and Jonathan Knudsen: Learning Java. Robert Sebesta: A Little Book on Perl. CSE 341 -- S. Tanimoto Introduction

CSE 341 -- S. Tanimoto Introduction Evaluation (Approx) Assignments: 30% Participation: 10% Project: 20%. Midterm 1: 10%. Midterm 2: 10%. Final exam 20%. CSE 341 -- S. Tanimoto Introduction

History of Programming Languages FORTRAN 1954-57 numeric ALGOL 60 1958-60 numeric COBOL 1959-60 business APL 1956-60 vector/matrix math LISP 1956-62 symbols SNOBOL4 1962-66 strings PL/1 1963-64 general BASIC 1964 educational PASCAL 1971 educational CSE 341 -- S. Tanimoto Introduction

History of Prog. Languages (continued) PROLOG 1972 AI/logic with rules C 1972 general Scheme 1975 educational Ada 1979 general Smalltalk 1971-80 applications/objects C++ 1982-86 general/objects CLOS 1983-84 LISP/objects Perl 1989 scripting Java 1991 applets, general/objects CSE 341 -- S. Tanimoto Introduction

CSE 341 -- S. Tanimoto Introduction Orthogonality Every combination of two constructs of a language is meaningful. The meaning of a construct does not depend on its context. Pro: Makes learning a language easier, since there tend to be fewer constructs and there are fewer special cases. Con: Because every combination of constructs must be allowed, nonsensical combinations will compile without error. arithmetic expressions arguments to functions CSE 341 -- S. Tanimoto Introduction