Day 9: Evolution Homework due Friday 5/4/18 7A: Analyze and evaluate how evidence of common ancestry among groups is provided by the fossil record, biogeography, and homologies, including anatomical, molecular and developmental 7B: Analyze and evaluate scientific explanations concerning any data of sudden appearance, stasis and sequential nature of groups in the fossil record 7C: Analyze and evaluate how natural selection produces changes in populations, not individuals 7D: Analyze and evaluate how the elements of natural selection, including inherited variation, the potential of a population to produce more offspring than can survive, and a finite supply of environmental resources, result in differential reproductive success 7E: Analyze and evaluate the relationship of natural selection to adaptation and to the development of diversity in and among species. 7F: Analyze and evaluate the effects of other evolutionary mechanisms, including genetic drift, gene flow, mutation and recombination 7G: Analyze and evaluate scientific explanations concerning the complexity of the cell. WORD BANK Natural selection Adaptation Genetic Diversity Common Ancestry Fossil Record Biogeography Anatomical Homologies Molecular Homologies Gradualism Coevolution Punctuated Equilibrium Convergent Evolution Fitness Endosymbiosis Divergent Evolution Gene Drift Gene Flow Recombination ______________________ When the gene frequency of a population changes by random chance. ______________________ Two or more unrelated species which become more similar through time because they live in similar environments or lifestyles. ______________________ Similarities in nucleotide or amino acid sequence between related species. ______________________ Related species become more different as they adapt to different environments. ______________________ Evolution marked by long periods of stasis interrupted by rapid bursts of evolution. ______________________ Similar body structures inherited from a common ancestor. _____________________ Having a variety of genetic sequences increasing the survival rate of a population. _____________________ The production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent. _____________________ A theory which proposes the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts resulting in eukaryotic cells. _____________________ Process in which two species evolve in response to one another. _____________________ The study of the distribution of organisms on Earth and can be used to help interpret evolutionary relationships. _____________________ A trait or features which aids in an organisms survival. _____________________ The movement of alleles between populations through migration or mating _____________________ A measure of the ability of an organism to survive relative to other organisms in the population. _____________________ Pace of evolution in which small changes slowly accumulation over many generations. _____________________ Change in gene frequency of a population over time due to differences in fitness and differential reproductive success.

Reproductive Success and Natural Selection 7D (S) Living things that are well adapted to their environment survive and reproduce. Those that are not well adapted don’t survive and reproduce. An adaptation is any characteristic that increases fitness, which is defined as the ability to survive and reproduce. 1) What characteristic of the mice is an adaptation that increased their fitness? The table below gives descriptions of four female mice that live in a beach area which is mostly tan sand with scattered plants. 2) According to the definition given for fitness, which mouse would biologists consider the fittest and why? Mom’s color of Fur Gray Tan Tan and Gray Cream Age at death 4 months 12 months 8 months # of babies produced 11 3 Running speed 8 m/min. 6 m/min. 7 m/min. 5 m/min. 3) If a mouse's fur color is generally similar to its mother’s color, what color fur would be most common among the pups? Types of Evolution 7D (S) 1) Record the definition and an example for each type of evolution. Type of Evolution Definition Example Convergent Divergent Coevolution

Evidence of Evolution 7A (R) The Endosymbiotic Theory 7G (R) 1) Match the following types of Evidence of Evolution to the descriptions below and label the pictures. ______ The sequence of fossils in the rock layers show patterns or trends in how organisms change through time. ______ Similarities in body structure indicate they shared a common ancestor. ______ Similarities in DNA sequence or amino acid sequence in a protein. The greater the similarity, the more closely related the two species are. ______ Similarities in embryonic development indicate a common ancestor. ______ The study of the distribution of organisms around the world. ______ body part that is similar in structure on different organisms but perform different functions. ______ remnants of an organ or structure that functioned in an earlier ancestor. ______ body part that is similar in function as a body part of another organism but is structurally different. Molecular Homology Anatomical Homology Vestigial Structures Analogous Structures Homologous structures Developmental Homology Biogeography Fossil Record ________ ______ _______ ______ ______ The Endosymbiotic Theory 7G (R) There is compelling evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once primitive bacterial cells. This evidence is described in the endosymbiotic theory. Symbiosis occurs when two different species benefit from living and working together. When one organism actually lives inside the other it's called endosymbiosis. The endosymbiotic theory describes that the mitochondria of eukaryotes and the chloroplasts of green plants and flagellates originated as free living prokaryotes that invaded primitive eukaryotic cells and become established as permanent symbionts in the cytoplasm. These symbionts then became reliant upon each other for survival, resulting in a permanent relationship. 1) Using description above number the pictures in the correct order of events.