1 The information industry and the information market Summary

2 The components of the summary The following gives an overview of the information industry and the information market: 1.The components, the building blocks of the information industry 2.An overview of the products of the information industry and of the evolution

3 The information industry and the information market The components of the information industry

4 Authors Publishers Distributors Users Related organizations

5 Authors, the base of the information life cycle Authors compose thoughts or compile data in information products for further distribution. So they form the base of the information life cycle. Authors can be »individuals, »organizations, committees, companies, government entities,...

6 Products by authors Documents for open distribution / publication Documents created for limited distribution, such as for internal use only: gray / grey literature

7 Primary publishers Primary publishers create »Books »Journals »Proceedings »Newspapers »Patents »Series »...

8 Secondary publishers Secondary publishers produce works that combine or are based upon a variety of primary works »Indexes »Abstracts »Collections of previously published papers »Bibliographies »Reference works »...

9 Documentary information distributors Direct sales groups for large publishers Book sellers Serial (journal) vendors = subscription agencies Clearinghouses Online hosts / databanks / vendors Document delivery firms Interlibrary loan groups...

10 Information users Driving force behind the information industry They acquire information »for their own use writers, researchers,... »on behalf of another user search intermediaries, information brokers, libraries,...

11 The flow of information through journals: scheme Authors Editors Journal distributors Libraries End-users / readers

!? Question !? Task !? Problem !? Which journal distributors / intermediaries do you know? 12

13 The flow of information through journals: important distributors Important international journal distributors / intermediaries / aggregators: »Ebsco »RoweCom »Swets-Blackwell

!? Question !? Task !? Problem !? Which services are provided by journal distributors / intermediaries? 14

15 The flow of information through journals: functions of distributors (1) ordering and renewing printed journals for libraries, or assisting libraries in making licensing agreements for electronic journals claiming lost numbers of journal for libraries providing information about journals »addresses of editors »prices of journals »licensing agreements for electronic journals »...

16 The flow of information through journals: functions of distributors (2) authentication of readers/users, and providing access to electronic versions of journals »aggregating journals on their server computer, or »providing a gateway to the electronic journal on another server computer assisting libraries in the registration for online access to journals at the server of the editor (IP-ranges of the institute of the library, user names, passwords,...) assisting libraries in the formation of consortia

17 The information market: buying or licensing Buying = paying for access to information for an unlimited period of time »for instance: a printed book or journal, some databases on CD-ROM,... Licensing contracts = paying for access to information for a limited period of time »for instance: many databases made accessible on CD-ROM or online

18 Online access from an institute to information: methods On a local server computer, maintained by the institute for their users »for a fixed price per year, paid by the institute to the information distributor On an external online computer host/server systems ! »supermarket model: select and pay for selected information only »fixed price per year, paid by the institute to the information distributor

19 Online access from an institute to information: about fixed prices The fixed price/cost to be paid by an institute allows access »by all potential users of the institute, even simultaneously, or »by a limited, maximum number of simultaneous users The fixed price/cost may depend on the level/intensity of usage during the previous year(s)

20 Online access from an institute to information: licensing contracts (1) Quality and coverage of the information source? Type and quality of the user interface? Is the database search engine compatible with the Z39.50 standard? Price per year for the online access license?

21 Online access from an institute to information: licensing contracts (2) Does the license allow an unlimited or only a limited, maximum number of simultaneous users? May parts of the database only be read or also be copied »for internal or external users? »free of charge or at a cost?

22 Online access from an institute to information: access authorization How works authentication and authorization of users? Ideally, a secret, specific password for access to the specific information is not required. For instance, access permission based »simply on Internet IP address range of the institute »on user name and password for access to the local area network (LAN) of the institute »on a combination of both

23 Organizations related to the information industry Associations involved in information management and use: »Standard bodies, which suggest, develop and seek consensus on protocols and formats for information creation and distribution. »Government agencies which govern the policies and regulations related to publishing, distribution and use of freely available, unclassified information.

24 The information industry and the information market Overview and evolution

!? Question !? Task !? Problem !? How many journals and books makes your library readily available? Compare these numbers with the number of published journals and books. How many journals and books makes your library readily available? Compare these numbers with the number of published journals and books. 25

26 Increase in the number of scientific and technical serial publications

27 Evolution of the information industry: measures Number of living databases. Number of database producers. Number of database vendors (including online services). Number of database records / documents. Number of online searches per year....

28 The information market: growth in the database industry Source: Williams, in: Gale Directory of Databases, 1998.

29 Growth in the number of public access database records Source: Williams, in: Gale Directory of Databases, Millions of database records

30 Databases classified by form of data representation (in 1995) Source: Williams, in: Gale Directory of Databases, Databases were classified in one or more categories and normalized to 1 class per database

31 Word-oriented databases: subclasses (in 1995) Source: Williams, in: Gale Directory of Databases, Databases were classified in one or more categories

32 Word-oriented databases: evolution of bibliographic & full-text databases # Full text databases # Bibliographic databases Source: Williams, in: Gale Directory of Databases 1996.

!? Question !? Task !? Problem !? What caused this increase in number of full-text databases in comparison with reference/bibliographic databases? 33

34 Media for database distribution / access (in 1995) A database may be available on several media Source: Williams, in: Gale Directory of Databases, 1996.

35 The information market: database producer status (in 1995) Source: Williams, in: Gale Directory of Databases, 1996.

!? Question !? Task !? Problem !? Which trends do we see in the information industry / market? 36

37 The information industry / market: future trends (Part 1) Growth in the production of databases. Less analogue / hard-copy production = more digital production, storage, and distribution of information. More integration of information types into multimedia and hypermedia.

38 The information industry / market: future trends (Part 2) Growth in the number of »producers and distributors, »end-users searching databases due to easier use and lower costs of information technology