Do now activity #1 What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? What is the difference between a dominant allele and a recessive allele? Name at least 3 different types of traits a dog can have. What is the difference between a homozygous allele pairs and heterozygous allele pairs?

Section 3-1: from parents to offspring Essential Question: How do offspring receive the genetic information from parents? Why do offspring look similar to their parents? Keywords: meiosis, gametes, alleles, genotype, phenotype Section 3-1: from parents to offspring Learning Target Explain the role of DNA and chromosomes in passing traits from parents to offspring.

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Overview Genetics The scientific study of heredity, how traits are passed down from parent to offspring

Gregor Mendel is considered the Father of Genetics. overview Gregor Mendel is considered the Father of Genetics.

The foundation of genetics is based off of a pea plant! overview The foundation of genetics is based off of a pea plant!

Mendel studied genetics by working in a garden that had ___ _____ . overview Mendel studied genetics by working in a garden that had ___ _____ . Pea plants pea plants

overview He studied their ____. He observed the ____ he could see and the ones he could not see. traits traits traits

Look at your vocabulary! Discussion question What is a trait? Look at your vocabulary! A specific characteristic

Discussion answer Eye color Hair color Tall vs. Short Trait: a specific characteristic that can change from one individual to another Examples: Eye color Hair color Tall vs. Short

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predicting traits Mendel had 7 true-breeding pea plants. These types of plants produce offspring that are identical to the parents.

Predicting traits Mendel cross bred his true-breeding (homozygous) plants with differences in the same trait. ` Example: Tall vs. Short T t

Predicting traits Mendel cross bred his true-breeding (homozygous) plants with differences in the same trait. ` Example: Tall vs. Short T t T t

Predicting traits Mendel cross bred his true-breeding (homozygous) plants with differences in the same trait. ` Example: Tall vs. Short T t T t T t

Predicting traits Mendel cross bred his true-breeding (homozygous) plants with differences in the same trait. ` Example: Tall vs. Short T t T t T t T t

How come the offspring genotypes were NOT identical to the parents? discussion question How come the offspring genotypes were NOT identical to the parents?

discussion answer The genotypes from both parents were different from each other. Each parent plant passed down one allele to the offspring. The offspring received one from “mom plant” & one from “dad plant”.

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Section 3-1: from parents to offspring Essential Question: How do offspring receive the genetic information from parents? Why do offspring look similar to their parents? Keywords: meiosis, gametes, alleles, genotype, phenotype Section 3-1: from parents to offspring Learning Target Explain the role of DNA and chromosomes in passing traits from parents to offspring.

During ______ , sex cells are created. Passing on traits meiosis During ______ , sex cells are created. meiosis

Passing on traits Sperm/egg The male gamete is known as _____. The female gamete is known as _____. sperm egg

These sperm and egg contain DNA in the form of _________ . Passing on traits chromosomes These sperm and egg contain DNA in the form of _________ . chromosomes

These chromosomes contain genetic (genes) information. Passing on traits These chromosomes contain genetic (genes) information.

Genes are found in DNA. They code for the _____ organisms have. Passing on traits traits Genes are found in DNA. They code for the _____ organisms have. traits

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Section 3-1: from parents to offspring Essential Question: How do offspring receive the genetic information from parents? Why do offspring look similar to their parents? Keywords: meiosis, gametes, alleles, genotype, phenotype Section 3-1: from parents to offspring Learning Target Explain the role of DNA and chromosomes in passing traits from parents to offspring.

From: parents, to: offspring Alleles: different forms of a gene (codes for trait). Alleles occur in pairs.

From: parents, to: offspring Mendel cross bred his true-breeding (homozygous) plants with differences in the same trait. ` Example: Tall vs. Short T t T t T t T t

From: parents, to: offspring Crossing homozygous plants with differences in the same trait gave Mendel heterozygous (hybrid) offspring. Hybrid: cross between parents with different forms of a trait cyclins

Question! How is it possible to have 100% TALL pea plant offspring when the parent genes were 50% Tall and 50% Short? cyclins

Practice question In humans, tongue rolling is dominant over non-tongue rolling. Use a Punnett square to predict the probability of having a non- tongue rolling baby for a cross between a person heterozygous for tongue rolling and a person who is homozygous for non-tongue rolling. cyclins

Practice question Heterozygous for tongue rolling And T t homozygous for non-tongue rolling. T t t T t t t cyclins T t t t

There is a 50% chance that the baby will be able to roll its tongue. Practice question There is a 50% chance that the baby will be able to roll its tongue. T t t T t t t cyclins T t t t

Practice question There is a 50% chance that the baby will NOT be able to roll its tongue. T t t T t t t cyclins T t t t