Blue boxes = causes of food shortages in Africa 2 80 FINISH 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 1 START Blue boxes = causes of food shortages in Africa 2 Yellow boxes = health effects of a shortage of food 3 Green boxes = The Green Revolution as a solution to food shortage 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Chemicals have polluted local water supplies Some farmers have borrowed money to pau for crops and are now in debt The long-term effects of civil war in Sudan Machinery has caused rural unemployment. Increasing number of refugees in Liberia The less well-off who could not compete have sold their land and moved to the city. More jobs are available in businesses supporting farming Some people can suffer from anaemia due to lack of iron. Some farmers can afford chemicals and machinery so become richer and employ more people. Iodine deficiency affects the brain and can be fatal Vitamin A deficiency causes blindness and death. Micronutrient malnutrition is when the body lacks certain vitamins and minerals. Kwashiorkor is caused by eating too many cereals and not enough protein Crops grow faster, so more harvests can be gathered each year. Crops are more resistant to disease, so harvests are more reliable. Marasmus causes sufferers to become very thin and stop growing. Not all farmers have felt the benefits of the Green Revolution. Irrigation schemes have increased the demand on drinking water stores Locust attack in Niger Higher yields means lower prices, so poor people can afford food. Drought, AIDS and high population density causes a shortage of land in Malawi Conflict, drought, and piracy in Somalia Some of the new varieties of rice are not as pleasant to eat Protein-energy malnutrition is caused by a lack of protein and food that provides energy. Food production has increased, so more people can be fed! Scientists around the world help to improve agriculture for subsistence farmers… … By developing new types of rice, maize and wheat that have a higher yield… … And new pesticides to protect them from disease. The Green Revolution was formed in the 1960s … Using new fertilisers… … Introducing new irrigation schemes…