HUM105/Intercultural Communication Sexuality

Intersectionality Realm of Social Interaction Representational Realm Social Structural Realm

Intersections of Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality Representational Realm The representational realm includes the symbols, language, and images that convey “meanings” in a sociocultural system. Social Interactional Realm Social interaction refers to the norms and behaviors observable in human relations in a sociocultural system. Social Structural Realm The social structural realm involves the institutional sites where power and resources are controlled and distributed in a sociocultural system.

Conceptualizing… Essentialism: A perspective that argues that members of a segment of a population share essential biological and psychological characteristics. These characteristics are argued to be uniform and unalterable. Constructionism: A perspective that argues that differences and similarities among and between members of segments of a population are created through socio-econo-political processes of socialization (enculturation).

Conceptualizing… The Matrix of Domination: To borrow Marilyn Frye’s (1983) words, the Matrix of Domination refers to “a network of forces and barriers which are systematically related and which conspire to the immobilization, reduction, and molding of ”the oppressed.” In other words, in the U.S.A. stratified society Race, Gender, Sexuality, Worldview, and Class constitute the multifaceted, intertwined, and fluid system of oppression and domination. While some dimensions are more forceful than others, good analysis cannot be done with isolating and compartmentalizing these dimensions.

Conceptualizing… The Categorization Process (The Creation of the Other) 1) Naming (Defining) -Imposing -Asserting -Reclaiming 2) Aggregating/Disaggregating -Lumping and dissecting 3) Dichotomizing (polarizing) -Creating master and subordinate categories in the form of _________:None-______ 4) Stigmatizing (dehumanizing, objectifying) -Through the use of stereotypes in different venues

The Matrix of Domination: Conceptualizing… The Matrix of Domination: -Racism -Sexism - Cissexism -Hetrosexism -Ageism -Classism -Other isms? o

Conceptualizing Sexuality … Biological Sex Drive Refers to the universal human sexual maturation process (puberty) through which a child biologically becomes and adult capable of reproduction.

Conceptualizing Sexuality… Social Sexual Behavior Refers to the culturally acceptable and promoted sexual behaviors including strategies, activities, interactions and partners.

Conceptualizing Sexuality… Hetroness In the context of the social construction of Sexuality, Hetroness refers to the unearned, yet enjoyed, accumulated differential advantages at someone else’s expense. When confronted, one may take responsibility, or one may invoke guilt, shame, fear, helplessness, denial, ….

Ethnocentrism  Prejudice Discrimination Genocide/Culturecide Ethnocentrism (Mental) The naturalness of one’s own group in terms of values, beliefs, and behavior vis-à-vis other groups Prejudice (Expressive) The use of verbal/written stereotypes in articulating ethnocentrism Discrimination (Behavioral) The implementation of Prejudice in terms of accumulated advantages and disadvantages. This is done at both the individual and institutional levels. It is also done overtly and covertly. Racism, Sexism, Classism, Heterosexism, Ageism At the individual level, anyone, regardless of the group, can discriminate (i.e be a racist, sexist, etc….). At the institutional level, however, the dominant group, regardless of individuals’ intentions, is the only one that is capable of racism, sexism, etc…. Genocide/Culturecide (Behavioral) The physical/cultural elimination of a group of people.

Hetrosexism … Discrimination against individuals and/or groups based on the socially constructed category of Sexuality. This is done at both the individual and institutional levels. It is also done overtly and covertly. At the individual level, anyone, regardless of the group, can discriminate (i.e. be a hetrosexist). At the institutional level, however, the dominant group, regardless of individuals’ intentions, is the only one that is capable of sexism & cissexism.