Industrialization Spreads

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Presentation transcript:

Industrialization Spreads Section 3

Industrialization Spreads Industrialization in the United States By early 1800’s industrialization had spread to the US and continental Europe US has same resources as Great Britain Mineral wealth, immigrants and farm workers for labor Had more open land than Great Britain War of 1812 US could not trade with European countries because of British naval blockade, forced the US to use its own resources and develop industry Began in the textile industry 1789 first textile factory opened in Pawtucket, RI Center of textile production in early 1800’s was in Lowell, MA Factories in Lowell provided work for women that moved from rural areas Known as Lowell girls Lived in a company owned town where they could be monitored Provided economic opportunity and independence to women that had few other options open to them Industrialization Spreads

Industrialization Spreads The Northeastern part of the United States experienced most industrial growth in the first half of the 1800’s US was primarily agricultural until after the Civil War in the 1860’s Last part of the 1800’s the US experienced a technology and industrial boom Causes Wealth of natural resources Inventions such as the electric light bulb, and telephone American cities grew Economic opportunity and immigration Urban population consumed manufactured goods Railroads played a major role Cities grew along rail lines Railroads allowed people to become extremely wealthy Industrialization Spreads

Industrialization Spreads Building large businesses required large sums of money to invest in industrial equipment To raise money entrepreneurs sold stock in companies Stockholders had ownership in the company Business were called corporations Late 1800’s huge corporations developed They wanted to control every aspect of their industry to make big profits They also reduced the cost of making goods and reduced wages for labor Corporate leaders made huge fortunes Industrialization Spreads

Industrialization Spreads Continental Europe Industrializes Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars in the late 1700’s and early 1800’s halted trade and communication in many parts of Europe While this happened Britain industrialized and grew wealthy Belgium was the first country to adopt new industrial technology Country had rich deposits of iron and coal also had good waterways to transport goods By 1800 many factories focused on building industrial machines like steam engines and locomotives Industrialization Spreads

Industrialization Spreads In the early 1800’sGermany was politically divided This led to economic isolation and hurt widespread industrialization Pockets of industrialization appeared in the Ruhr River Valley They used British equipment and engineers By 1850 railroads connected the major industrial centers and major coal and iron deposits Germany’s economic strength allowed it to develop as a military power by the late 1800’s Industrialization Spreads

Industrialization Spreads The Impact of Industrialization Widened the gap between wealthy and poor nations Led to Imperialism (policy of extending rule over other countries) by industrial countries Industrial countries needed raw materials from other parts of the world to supply factories policy of extending rule Industrial countries needed markets for their products Revolutions in industry, communication and agriculture changed lives of people in Western Europe and the United States Changed every aspect of society from life expectancy, population, wealth, and health Development of middle class led to greater opportunities for education and democratic participation Industrialization Spreads

Reforming the Industrial World Section 4

Reforming the Industrial World Expanded democratic participation led to reform movements across society in the 1800’s Reformers believed that the government should take a more active role to improve conditions of the poor and workers Philosophers of Industrialization Capitalism is an economic system where all factors of production are privately owned and where business is run for a profit Many factory and business owners believed in a laissez- faire economics where the government did not interfere in business decisions They thought that people should work for their own self interest That there would always be a permanent underclass in society Government interference would upset the free market system Reforming the Industrial World

Reforming the Industrial World Others thought that the wealthy and the government should take action to improve peoples lives Utilitarians thought that laws and government should do the greatest good for the greatest number of people Wanted government to do away with the differences in wealth and to promote education, legal and prison reform Socialism was where all the factors of production are owned by the government and operate for the welfare of everybody They thought that government control of the economy would promote economic equality, protect workers and social justice Karl Marx thought that only a violent overthrow of the capitalists by the workers would bring about social and economic equality His ideas inspired revolutions in China, Russia and Cuba in the 1900’s Reforming the Industrial World

Reforming the Industrial World Labor Unions and Reform Laws Workers joined voluntary labor associations called unions Unions spoke for all workers to increase pay and provide better working conditions If factory owners refused their demands workers could strike Skilled workers had the most bargaining power because they were hard to replace Many in the government and industry saw the unions as a threat to social order and economic stability Unions eventually led to workplace reforms by the middle of the 1800’s These laws helped to prevent the hiring of young children, and limited the amount of hours worked in a day Reforming the Industrial World

Reforming the Industrial World The Reform Movement Spreads Many began to question what was going on in the modern world, reform movements began to answer the challenges to these changes Abolition of slavery Many began to see slavery as morally wrong Outlawed in Britain in 1833 Many saw slavery as an economic threat and supported cheap, free, low wage labor Women’s Rights factory work provided economic opportunity for women Women earned less than men Many women became college educated and began to demand equal rights , not rights based on gender Education Free public education became widely available by the late 1800’s Used to train people how to work in an industrial world Reforming the Industrial World