Energy Mix / Supply & Demand Slide 1 - Introduce the session. This session is going to be about the Energy Mix and supply and demand. In order to meet energy needs, each country uses the types of energy available to it in differing proportions, this is what we call the energy mix. Each country is different, however all are currently dominated by fossil fuels, and account for over 80% of globally.

Slide 2 - This graph shoes the electricity supplied in the UK between 1990 to 2016. As you can see there has been a big change since 1990. The energy mix is always evolving and changing. Since 1990 there has been a decline in in coal and oil and a rise in gas. In recent years renewables have increased. In 2016 there was a large fall in coal use due to the closure of several power stations. Gas increased to fill the gap. Of electricity supplied in 2016, gas accounted for 42%, coal accounted for 9%, Nuclear 21%, other fuels 3% and Renewables 25%. In 2017 we had the first day since records began where there was no coal generation in the energy mix.

Government Targets UK Government wants to reduce carbon dioxide emissions Renewable Energy Directive set UK target to achieve 15% of its energy consumption from renewable sources by 2020 The EU aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80- 95% below 1990 levels Paris Agreement is to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change Slide 3 - There a several government targets which aim to reduce emissions. The Renewable Energy Directive establishes an overall policy for the production and promotion of energy from renewable sources in the EU. It requires the EU to fulfil at least 20% of its total energy needs with renewables by 2020. The UK has a target of 15%. The EU also aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80-95% below the 1990 levels. The Paris Agreement aims to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping global temperature rise low and limit the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by human activity. It has been signed by nearly 200 countries and ratified by 111.

Fossil Fuels = Unsustainable Fossil Fuels (Coal, Oil and Gas) will eventually run out Global length of time left for fossil fuels are predicted to be: Oil – 50 years Natural Gas – 52 years Coal – 114 years . Slide 4 – Although most of our energy comes from fossil fuels, they are unsustainable. Meaning they will eventually run out and we cannot continue to use them at current levels forever. It is estimated at current rates we only have 50 years left of oil, 52 years of Natural Gas and 114 years left of coal. Fossil fuels will run out quicker with an increase in global demand. Global demand for energy is rising due to economic development, rising population and technological advances. We need to make the most of our renewable resources to provide a secure basis for the UK’s future energy needs.

How much energy do you use? Slide 5 – Now let’s think about how much energy we all use. Do you think you use a lot of energy? Have a think about what you do each day that doesn’t need energy. Do you think you use more or less energy than your parents did when they were at school? Why?

What causes a difference in energy consumption over a day/month/season What causes a difference in energy consumption over a day/month/season? What factors may cause an increase for UK Energy demand in the future? Slide 6 – So what causes this different in energy consumption? What factors do you think might cause an increase in the UK energy demand? Now do you think you use the same out of energy all day? Or does this change depending on what time of day it is? How about throughout the year? Do you think you uses the same amount in winter as you do summer? Answers: Use more in day than at night, more in evenings eg people coming home from work and school putting kettle on cooking tea watching telly etc. More in winter than summer, heating shorter days so in house more etc Total electricity supplied from 1997 -2005 increased due to a larger demand, It has since fallen due to energy efficiency, economy and weather factors. Supply in 2016 was 12% lower than in 2005.

In 2016, on average we used 3,889 kWh of electricity per year Slide 7 - Energy supplied in household electricity is measured in kilowatt hours (kWh). Electricity meters measure the number of units of electricity used. On average we use 3,889 KWh per year per household in Great Britain Energy is supplied by an energy provider just like Co-operative Energy. We purchase power to match the consumption of our customers and charge our customers for the energy that they have used. Some suppliers are also involved in energy generation. All this is tightly regulated by Ofgem

Slide 8 - Electricity is distributed from major power stations to consumers through the Transmission Network, which is managed by National Grid. The distribution network is managed by District Network Operators. They are responsible for the sites on the distribution network, which means they are responsible for a vast majority of the renewable sites. These are hard to manage due to their intermittent nature and adding the forthcoming influx of electric vehicles will make their even worse. One way to think about them is as the Transmission network as the arteries and the distribution network as the capillaries.

Slide 9 - So to recap so far we have learnt about the energy mix, government targets, energy demand and how we use energy. From your learnings so far work in teams to propose an action plan to give to the Head Master of what you could implement in school to reduce energy bills, which will also reduce the demand for energy. Questions to think about are how do you currently get energy? Do you have any renewable energy sources? How much energy do you use at school? Could this change? You will be given 10 minutes to complete this activity and then feedback

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