Standard 4- Metabolism (ATP Molecule)

You will be able to: Identify the products and reactants in photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Illustrate how photosynthesis and cellular respiration form a cycle (one process uses the products of the other) Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

This standard is all about ENERGY! What is cellular respiration? The process of breaking down sugar to provide energy for cellular processes. What is photosynthesis? The process of creating sugar from energy from the sun.

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration as a Cycle

Types of organisms and how they get their energy: Heterotrophs Heterotrophs are organisms that can NOT make their own food Heterotrophs can NOT directly use the sun’s energy- they have to eat in order to get energy Autotrophs Plants contain chloroplasts and are able to use light energy from the sun Autotrophs use the sun’s energy to make their own food

Autotrophs carry out photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Heterotrophs carry out cellular respiration.

Flow of Energy Energy Takes Many Forms such as light, heat, electrical, chemical, mechanical Energy can be changed from one form to another Energy can be stored in chemical bonds & then released later

1st let’s understand the molecule: ATP ATP= Adenosine Triphosphate ATP is how cells quickly store and use energy (energy money for the cell of an organism) The energy is stored in the phosphate bonds ATP is a nucleic acid, it contains 3 phosphate groups, adenine (a nitrogen base) & a ribose (sugar)

ATP into ADP (to release energy) ATP releases energy when one phosphate bond has been removed ATP releases energy, a phosphate, & becomes ADP when cells take energy from ATP ADP=Adenosine Diphosphate

Releasing Energy From ATP Adding a phosphate group to ADP stores energy in ATP Removing a phosphate group from ATP releases energy & forms ADP

What is ATP used for? Cells Use ATP For: Active transport Movement within a cell Photosynthesis Protein Synthesis (makes proteins) Cellular respiration All other cellular reactions

Problem: cells only have enough ATP to last for a few seconds, so ATP must be continually made ATP TRANSFERS energy very well, but it isn’t very good Energy Storage (for long term) So…

Glucose …our bodies and cells need Glucose. Glucose is a Carbohydrate, or a sugar. C6H12O6 This means it has 6 carbons, 12 hydrogens and 6 oxygen atoms Where do ANIMALS get glucose? Where do PLANTS get glucose? One molecule of glucose stores 90 Times more chemical energy than one molecule of ATP- WOW!