Ch. 20 The East Asian World

Lesson 1: The Ming & Qing Dynasties The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) The Ming overthrew the Mongols in 1368 An era of greatness Expanded empire, strengthened Great Wall Created a nationwide school system Increased manufacturing Increased food production with new crops Established Beijing as the new capital Emperor’s palace -> the Forbidden City Naval voyages led by Zheng He Explored coasts of India, Southeast Asia, and Eastern Africa

The Portuguese Trade fleet landed on China’s coast Wanted to trade European goods for silk, porcelain, and cotton Chinese only wanted silver Used silver as primary means of exchange, very high demand Portuguese and Spanish mined TONS of silver in the American colonies Allowed Europeans a trading foothold in China Christian missionaries came to China on trade ships Highly educated, brought goods that impressed the Chinese Clocks, eyeglasses

Decline of the Ming The Rise of the Manchus Corruption rose, taxes were raised, harsh weather led to poor crop yields & famine Epidemic killed many 1644- peasant forces took the capital of Beijing, last Ming emperor commits suicide The Rise of the Manchus The Manchus lived northeast of the Great Wall Used the fall of the Ming to take control of Beijing Established the Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) The Manchus made the Chinese adopt their style of hair and dress Those who did not were labeled rebels and killed The Qing restored peace and prosperity, but were seen as outsiders Established themselves as legally distinct from the Chinese Held most of the top government positions Kangxi was the greatest Qing ruler Calmed unrest in the north Patron of the arts, gained support of Chinese scholars Tolerant of Christianity Hundreds of thousands converted After his death, successors suppressed Christian influence

Europeans in China Qianlong ruled under the period of greatest prosperity As he grew older corrupt officials began to exert more influence Unrest in rural areas weakens the Qing Government corruption High taxes Population growth -> food shortages and economic hardship Qing begin their decline as Europeans sought more trade Emperor initially limited European traders to a few port cities a few months out of the year Chinese merchants pressured the government to open more ports to Europeans

Great Britain had a negative trade balance Bought more goods from China than they were able to sell Bought silk, tea, porcelain All China wanted was silver British tried to get more trade rights, are denied by the emperor

Chinese Art & Literature flourished under the Qing Economy and Daily Life Nearly 85% of Chinese were small farmers Population booms due to new crops More population = less land available to live on and farm Unrest in rural areas Chinese Art & Literature flourished under the Qing

Lesson 2: The Reunification of Japan Political Changes in Japan Japanese feudalism collapsed in 15th century Shogunate lost power Daimyo became local warlords 16th century saw reunification efforts Tokugawa Ieyasu took title of Shogun and control of Japan Brought the period of Great Peace

Late 16th century- Portugal came to Japan to trade Clocks, eyeglasses, guns were very useful to the Japanese Christian missionaries converted thousands Destroyed some local shrines Christianity is outlawed, those who did not renounce faith were persecuted European trade rights were taken away Only the Dutch could dock at one port for a few months out of the year

The Tokugawa Era Japan returned to feudalism The Shogun controlled the Daimyo Forced daimyo to cut the size of their army Samurai became a symbolic position There were no wars, so many became bureaucrats Samurai who had no daimyo were called ronin Roamed countryside looking for work Many became mercenaries and resorted to crime Taxes increased Peasants were forced to become tenant farmers

Literature & the Arts Poetry was highly valued Kabuki theater Females forbidden to appear on stage Art was influenced by foreign culture European painting styles

Lesson 3: The Kingdoms of Korea & Southeast Asia Korea: The Hermit Kingdom Yi Dynasty overthrew Koryo Dynasty in 1392 Government modeled after China New alphabet Characters based on sounds Faced invasions from Japan and China In response, Korea limited contact with outside countries– isolationism Untouched by European merchants and missionaries

Kingdoms in Southeast Asia Buddhist Thai and Burmese frequently fought Buddhist Vietnamese took over Champa state (modern-day south Vietnam), then the Khmer in Cambodia Modeled government after China, Confucian culture Islamic trade network led to Islamic sultanates rising to power on the Malay Peninsula

Europeans and the Spice Trade 1511- Portugal seized Melaka (on Malaysian peninsula) and controlled the spice trade for over 100 years The Dutch seized a Portuguese fort in early 1600s, gradually pushed out Portugal entirely The Dutch were better financed, as the Portuguese were losing political and economic power Controlled all ports along the trade routes, except one taken by the English