COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session August 4, 2001 Protection of Space-based Observations and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 　　　　　　　　　Masatoshi Ohishi NAOJ July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session August 4, 2001 Members of the ITU Member States (191) Sector Members such as private companies (567) Regional Groups International Organizations such as IUCAF July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

World Radiocommunication Conference August 4, 2001 World Radiocommunication Conference Revision of the Radio Regulations that has the status of an international treaty. Study Groups, Working Parties consider technical aspects of agenda items for WRCs. July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session August 4, 2001 Study Cycle (3~4 years) CPM report Agenda Items WRC; Admins. Adopt Radio Regulations CPM; Experts Study Groups Exchange info Assign AIs Draft CPM report WPs, TGs July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session August 4, 2001 Study Groups drafting Technical bases for Radiocommunication Conferences developing Draft Recommendations compiling Handbooks July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session August 4, 2001 Study Groups SG 1:Spectrum Management SG 3:Radio Wave Propagation SG 4:Satellite Services SG 5:Terrestrial Services SG 6:Broadcasting Service SG 7:Science Services SC: Special Committee July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session August 4, 2001 Working Parties Study Groups are organized into Working Parties and Task Groups Deal with specific aspects of Study Group work Issues related with multiple SGs  Joint WPs, Joint TGs July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session August 4, 2001 SG 7 WP 7A : Time signals and frequency standard emissions WP 7B : Space radio systems WP 7C : Earth-exploration satellite systems and meteorological elements WP 7D : Radio Astronomy July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session August 4, 2001 ITU Web page http://www.itu.int/ top page http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/ Submitted documents appear on the Web. You need a TIES account to download files. July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session August 4, 2001 Recommendations The ITU-R Recommendations provide a body of technical, operational and regulatory / procedural information that has been agreed upon by the participating administrations. RA series – Radio Astronomy RS series – Remote Sensing SA series - Space Services July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

Current Frequency Allocations August 4, 2001 Current Frequency Allocations 9 kHz – 275 GHz < 9 kHz : 5.53 Administrations authorizing the use of frequencies below 9 kHz shall ensure that no harmful interference is caused thereby to the services to which the bands above 9 kHz are allocated. 5.54 Administrations conducting scientific research using frequencies below 9 kHz are urged to advise other administrations that may be concerned in order that such research may be afforded all practicable protection from harmful interference. July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session August 4, 2001 Where are RA bands ? Frequency Bands(MHz) Frequency Bands(GHz) 13.360 - 13.410 25.550 - 25.670 37.5 - 38.25 73 - 74.6 150.05 - 153 322 - 328.6 406.1 - 410 608 - 614 1 400 - 1 427 (HI) 1 610.6 - 1 613.8 (OH) 1 660 - 1 670 (OH) 2 655 - 2 700 4 800 - 5 000 (H2CO) 10.6 - 10.7 14.47 – 14.50 (H2CO)0 15.35 - 15.40 22.21- 22.50 (H2O) 23.6 - 24.0 (NH3) 31.3 - 31.80 42.5 - 43.5 (SiO) 76 - 116 123 - 158.5 164 - 16700 200 - 231.500 241 - 275 July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session August 4, 2001 Adjacent to RA bands In many cases, there are satellite services (FSS, MSS, BSS, etc) in downlink !! RA can not avoid interference by choosing sites.  TG1/3 – TG1/5 – TG1/7 – TG1/9 (1995 - 1997 - 2000 - 2003 - 2007) July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session 2019/4/3 WRC-07 Agenda Item 1.21 1.21 to consider the results of studies, regarding the compatibility between the radio astronomy service and the active space services in accordance with Resolution 740 (WRC-03), in order to review and update, if appropriate, the tables of threshold levels used for consultation that appear in the Annex to Resolution 739 (WRC‑03); TG1/9 – Compatibility Studies between RAS and Satellite Services (S-E) July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session

COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session Modifications to FN 5.347A 5.347A In the bands: 137-138 MHz, 387-390 MHz, 400.15-401 MHz, 1 452-1 492 MHz, 1 525-1 559 MHz, 1 559-1 610 MHz, 1 613.8-1 626.5 MHz, 2 655-2 670 MHz, 2 670-2 690 MHz, 21.4-22 GHz, Resolution 739 (Rev.WRC-07) applies. (WRC-07) July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session

For GSO stations (in pfd) July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session

For Non-GSO stations (in epfd) July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session

COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session 2019/4/3 WRC-07 Agenda Item 1.20 Similar agenda item to AI 1.21 to consider protection of the EESS (passive) from the ground-based active services More difficult to establish regulatory measures to protect EESS(p)  Res. [COM5/4] Power limits (hard limits) : 23.6-24 GHz, 31.3-31.5 GHz, 50.2-50.4 GHz and 52.6-54.25 GHz Recommended limits: 1400-1427 MHz and 31.3-31.5 GHz July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session

COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session 2019/4/3 WRC-07 Agenda Item 1.7 1.7 to consider the results of ITU-R studies regarding sharing between the mobile-satellite service and the space research service (passive) in the band 1 668-1 668.4 MHz, and between the mobile-satellite service and the mobile service in the band 1 668.4-1 675 MHz in accordance with Resolution 744 (WRC‑03); Radioastron and future space-based RAS stations with similar orbital parameters with Radioastron will be appropriately protected. Not many space science people participated in the discussion. July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session

Ultra WideBand devices Regulatory measures adopted RAS problem has not been solved yet separation distance ~ 15 km is needed EESS is more serious geographical separation can not be used Little market penetration July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session

COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session August 4, 2001 Above 10 THz issue End of RR July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

Optical Communication August 4, 2001 Optical Communication Laser Communication by using f > 10 THz is under study (USA, Japan)  Interference at Optical/IR regions in near future ? July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session Usage August 4, 2001 GSO/GSO, GSO/non-GSO crosslinks Non-GSO/non-GSO crosslinks GSO-ground links 200/283/311/353 THz 1.50/1.060/0.965/0.850 mm Rec. ITU-R S.1590 Technical and operational characteristics of satellites operating in the range 20-375 THz July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session August 4, 2001 275+ GHz & optical link Agenda Item 1.6 for WRC-2011 Review & update footnote 5.565 up to 3000 GHz RAS, EESS(passive), SRS(passive) Consider procedure for optical link ground-based link only ? July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session August 4, 2001 5.565 The frequency band 275-1000 GHz may be used by administrations for experimentation with, and development of, various active and passive services. In this band a need has been identified for the following spectral line measurements for passive services: – radio astronomy service: 275‑323 GHz, 327‑371 GHz, 388‑424 GHz, 426‑442 GHz, 453‑510 GHz, 623‑711 GHz, 795‑909 GHz and 926-945 GHz; – Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) and space research service (passive): 275-277 GHz, 294‑306 GHz, 316‑334 GHz, 342‑349 GHz, 363‑365 GHz, 371‑389 GHz, 416‑434 GHz, 442‑444 GHz, 496‑506 GHz, 546‑568 GHz, 624‑629 GHz, 634‑654 GHz, 659‑661 GHz, 684‑692 GHz, 730‑732 GHz, 851‑853 GHz and 951‑956 GHz. Future research in this largely unexplored spectral region may yield additional spectral lines and continuum bands of interest to the passive services. Administrations are urged to take all practicable steps to protect these passive services from harmful interference until the date when the allocation Table is established in the above-mentioned frequency band.     (WRC‑2000) July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session Your participation will make interference-free future ! July 14, 2008 COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session