Chapter 3 Section 2

Terms and People Magna Carta – 1215 document that limited the king’s ability to tax English nobles and that guaranteed due process and a right to trial. Parliament – English lawmaking body. English Bill of Rights – 1689 document guaranteeing a number of freedoms. Habeas Corpus – idea that no one could be held in prison without being charged with a specific crime. Salutary Neglect – a policy in which England allowed its colonies self-rule.

Terms and People, cont. Mercantilism – economic policy under which a nation accumulates wealth by exporting more goods than it imports. Navigation Acts – a series of trade laws enacted by Parliament in the mid-1600’s. Enlightenment – European intellectual movement during the 1600’s and 1700’s. Benjamin Franklin – American colonist inspired by the Enlightenment, he was a printer, author, scientist, and inventor. Great Awakening – A religious movement that occurred in the colonies in the mid- 1700’s.

How did English ideas about government and the economy influence life in the 13 colonies? The relationship between England and the American colonies was economically and culturally close. But in the 1700’s, the distant colonies started to form their own ideas about their government and economy.

The English had a long governmental tradition Magna Carta – In 1215, English nobles made King John accept a limitation to his taxation and guaranteed the right to a trial. Parliament – A two-house legislature composed of the House of Lords, an inherited position, and the House of Commons, elected by men with property. Glorious Revolution – The English overthrew King James and installed William and Mary, who granted the English Bill of Rights.

Colonists were English subjects and self-ruling The colonists believed that the English Bill of Rights applied to them, even though they lived in the colonies. At the same time, the colonies enjoyed a long period of self-government and individual liberties.

The Navigation Acts 1651 – Goods imported to England from Asia, Africa, and the Americas could be transported only in English ships. 1660- The American colonies could export sugar, tobacco, cotton, and indigo only to England. 1663 – All foreign goods shipped to the colonies had to pass through English ports where a duty was collected. 1773 – Duties were increased on sugar traded between the French Indies and the American colonies.

The Navigation Acts, Cont. The English Parliament passed trade laws called the Navigation Acts. The laws successfully regulated colonial trade to create great wealth and power for England in the 1600’s.

English Mercantilism Meant the colonies exported raw materials only to England. In exchange, the colonies bought manufactured goods from England.

New Ideas of the Enlightenment in the 1600’s and 1700’s influenced Americans Exposed colonists to new ways of thinking such as scientific reasoning and applying natural laws to government People believed that human reason could solve issues. Colonial leader Benjamin Franklin was greatly inspired by the ideas of the Englightenment.

In the colonies, the development of democracy was influenced by: The English parliamentary tradition The colonies having a long period of self-rule The new ideas of the European Enlightenment The Judeo-Christian religious influence on colonial people

Religion Many colonists had immigrated for religious reasons Churches played a social role in colonial life Churches served as public places for reading government proclamations, holding elections, and posting new laws.

Great Awakening George Whitefield was a popular preacher in the colonies who helped launched a new movement called the Great Awakening Preachers traveled through the colonies and preached powerful, emotion- packed sermons. Many people left their old established churches, joined the movement, and started new churches.

The Great Awakening gave rise to a changed political awareness Participants in the Great Awakening came to realize that if they can select their own religion, they can also select their own government.