Chapter 24 Italy & Spain 1600-1700

Baroque The style began around 1600 in Rome, Italy, and spread to most of Europe The Baroque is often thought of as a period of artistic style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, architecture, literature, dance, theater, and music.

Italy Jesuit, member of the Society of Jesus (S.J.), a Roman Catholic order of religious men founded by St. Ignatius of Loyola, noted for its educational, missionary, and charitable works, once regarded by many as the principal agent of the Counter-Reformation, and later a leading force in modernizing the church.

82. Il Gesu, including the Triumph of the Name Jesus ceiling fresco 82. Il Gesu, including the Triumph of the Name Jesus ceiling fresco. Rome, Italy. Giacomo da Vignola, plan (architect); Giacomo della Porta, façade (architect); Giovanni Battista Gaulli, ceiling fresco (artist). Church: 16th century CE; façade: 1568-1584 CE; fresco and stucco figures: 1676-1679 CE Brick, marble, fresco, and stucco. (3 images).

Giovanni Battista Gaulli Triumph in the Name of Jesus Ceiling fresco

88. San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane. Rome, Italy 88. San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane. Rome, Italy. Francesco Borromini (architect) 1638-1646 CE Stone and stucco (3 images)

Aerial view, St. Peter’s, Piazza designed by Bernini, 1667

Bernini, Baldaccino, St. Peter’s, 1633

Bernini, David, 1623

89. Ecstasy of Saint Teresa. Cornaro Chapel 89. Ecstasy of Saint Teresa. Cornaro Chapel. Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria. Rome, Italy. Gian Lorenzo Bernini. c.1647-1652 CE Marble (sculpture), stucco and gilt bronze (chapel). (3 images).

I saw in his hand a long spear of gold, and at the iron's point there seemed to be a little fire. He appeared to me to be thrusting it at times into my heart, and to pierce my very entrails; when he drew it out, he seemed to draw them out also, and to leave me all on fire with a great love of God. The pain was so great, that it made me moan; and yet so surpassing was the sweetness of this excessive pain, that I could not wish to be rid of it. The soul is satisfied now with nothing less than God. The pain is not bodily, but spiritual; though the body has its share in it. It is a caressing of love so sweet which now takes place between the soul and God, that I pray God of His goodness to make him experience it who may think that I am lying

Caravaggio Tenebrism Naturalized religious imagery Makes viewers active participants Chiaroscuro Dramatic & theatrical

Caravaggio, Conversion of St. Paul, 1601

85. Calling of St. Matthew. Caravaggio. c.1597-1601 CE oil on canvas

Caravaggio, Entombment, 1603

Gentileschi, Judith Slaying Holofernes, 1620

Caravaggio, Judith Slaying Holofernes

SPAIN

90. Angel with Arquebus, Asiel Timor Dei 90. Angel with Arquebus, Asiel Timor Dei. Master of Calamarca (La Paz School). c.17th century CE Oil on canvas.

Velazquez Major patron king Philip IV (Hapsburg) Wanted prestige, thought of himself as royalty Caravaggio an influence “Las Meninas” most renown of his works Genre painting A Spaniard

Velazquez, King Philip IV of Spain, 1644

91. Las Meninas. Diego Velazquez. c.1656 CE Oil on Canvas