Non-linguistic and Linguistic Strategies for Teaching Academic Vocabulary

Tools

Averil Coxhead The Academic Word List high-incidence and high-utility academic words for Secondary School, Higher Education, Career 570 words are grouped into 10 sub-lists that reflect word frequency and range.

Averil Coxheads Sub-list 1 1. analyze approach area assess assume authority available benefit concept consist context constitute contract data define derive distribute economy environment establish estimate evident factor finance formula function income indicate individual interpret involve issue labor legal legislate major method occur percent period principle proceed process policy require research respond role section sector significant similar source specific structure theory vary 3 in your teaching - Thumb

Isabelle Becks Three Tiers of Vocabulary Tier 1Tier 2Tier 3 Basic Vocabulary Rarely require instructional attention to their meanings in school Examples: clock, baby, walk, happy High Frequency Words Used by mature language users and found across a variety of domains Examples: affect, features, created, condition, specific Content Specific Words Frequency of use is probably low – limited to specific domains Examples: isotope, lathe, peninsula, refinery Content specific School Task Vocabulary Literary Vocabulary Academic vocabulary

Robert Marzano Basic (General Vocab) Becks Tier 1 Advanced (General Vocab) Becks Tier 2 Coxheads Academic Wordlist Academic (All subjects) Becks Tier 3

Time Out! Bricks and Mortar...building understanding

Where will they encounter these terms? Content Area Text – Book, websites, supplemental handouts, articles Content Area Text – Book, websites, supplemental handouts, articles Benchmarks Benchmarks CST Standards CST Standards CAHSEE CAHSEE CELDT CELDT

How/where do we find them? Show me the Money!

Textbooks You can use the Problem-Solving Guidelines to help you translate a problem into an equation and solve it. Algebra 1 In the atmosphere, temperature, precipitation, and other environmental factors combine to produce weather and climate. Biology

CST and CAHSEE Qs What element of "trapped" makes it suitable for adaptation as a drama? 9 th Grade ELA CST What makes the preceding statement ironic? CAHSEE What feature of modern Western democratic government reflects Aristotles view as given above? 10 th Grade History CST A mineral supplement designed to prevent the common cold was given to two groups of people during a scientific study. After eight weeks, neither groups reported a case of the common cold. Which of the following would have made the outcome of this study more valid? 10 th Grade Science CST

Textbooks You can use the Problem-Solving Guidelines to help you translate a problem into an equation and solve it. Algebra 1 In the atmosphere, temperature, precipitation, and other environmental factors combine to produce weather and climate. Biology

CST and CAHSEE Qs What element of "trapped" makes it suitable for adaptation as a drama? 9 th Grade ELA CST What makes the preceding statement ironic? CAHSEE What feature of modern Western democratic government reflects Aristotles view as given above? 10 th Grade History CST A mineral supplement designed to prevent the common cold was given to two groups of people during a scientific study. After eight weeks, neither groups reported a case of the common cold. Which of the following would have made the outcome of this study more valid? 10 th Grade Science CST

Common Knowledge Rating System Explicit Direct Instruction Process Definition, explanation, description Meaningful Interaction Multiple Exposures Picture/Graphic Sentence frames Part of Speech Unique

Knowledge Rating Chart I dont know this word yet I think I know I this word I know this word

Explicit Vocabulary Instruction Models Kinsella - Vocabulary Note-taking Guide ASCD What it is…What it is not Vocabulary Form Marzano -Vocabulary Processing Sheet Effective Approach – Cognitive Content Dictionary

WordMeaningExamples(Oral/Written) Practice Word Part of Speech Definition (Cloze) (note taking skill) Sample sentences with word in it as Cloze to complete. (note taking skill) Sentence or Response starter Writing Practice: Sentence Starter or Cloze Word Part of Speech Definition (Cloze) (note taking skill) Sample sentences with word in it as Cloze to complete. (note taking skill) Sentence or Response starter Writing Practice: Sentence Starter or Cloze Vocabulary Note taking Guide

WordMeaningExamples exemplify ( verb) _____________________ Forms of the word. exemplifies exemplified To give an __________ of something. This outfit ______________ her taste in clothes. His dedication to weight lifting _____________his work ethic. My ________ exemplifies ____________ by _____________. exampleexemplifies exemplified Mom teacher brother hard work patience compassion Vocabulary Note-taking Guide

What it is…What its not.. DefinitionCharacteristics/Explanation What it isWhat its not Word Write your definition as simply as possible so that others can understand it. List words or phrases that further describe what the word means. Think of several examples that show this word in action. Think of several examples of actions or ideas that are the opposite of this word. Write the word.

What it is…What its not.. Definition: 1. show or illustrate by example 2. to furnish or serve as an example of (something)Characteristics/Explanation: To exemplify is to show by example, to take an action that demonstrates… What It Is: actionto show by doing It is an action, it is to show by doing something, e.g. one can exemplify honesty by telling the truth. What Its Not: It is not a thing, not an example. exemplify

Marzanos Six Steps for Effective Vocabulary Instruction Six Steps 1.Teacher provides description, explanation or example of new term 2. Students restate the explanation in their own words 3. Students create a non-linguistic representation of the term 4. Students are periodically give activities that help them add to their knowledge of vocabulary terms 5. Students are periodically asked to discuss the terms with one another 6. Students are periodically give opportunities to play with the terms

Vocabulary Processing Sheet Category: (standard, unit, semantic cluster … ) Term, phrase: (word or words)Picture/graphic Description: (What it means) Related terms, phrases: (Other words I think of)

Category: verb Term, phrase:exemplify Picture/graphic Description: To exemplify, a person must take an action, and that action must end so well that others will use it as the example. Related terms, phrases: show, illustrate, demonstrate Vocabulary Processing Sheet exemplified His laughter was heard around the corner and exemplified the joy he felt upon hearing the good news.

Cognitive Content Dictionary Vocabulary WordPrediction Student Friendly Expectations (includes example) Visual Representation Vocabulary WordPrediction Student Friendly Expectations (includes example) Visual Representation

Cognitive Content Dictionary Vocabulary Word PredictionStudent Friendly Explanations (includes example) Visual Representation exemplify to make an example of something? To exemplify, a person must take an action, and that action must end so well that others will use it as the example. Best dancer Motivation, Lets see what it means!

Connecting Students to Words Connect vocabulary to a piece of text (18% to 33%). Integrate new vocabulary with existing knowledge (Visuals, explanations). Meaningful interaction with a word (within text, sentence frames and response starters). Repeated exposures to the word (games and reviews). Teach word families/Semantic Clusters (connect to cognates, organize by topic/theme, common roots/prefixes/suffixes). Utilize mnemonic devices (symbols, rhymes, sketches).

The Great Race (Partners) Semantic Clusters Describe Things Associated with Outer Space Sun Orbits Mars Venus Saturn Galaxy Meteors

Linear Arrays (Partners/Group) Most Least List most academic way to say this shows. demonstrates illustrates exhibits presents displays Most Least (exposure to related words, shades of meanings)

Every teacher in every classroom needs to address their students English language development needs. This commitment to vocabulary instruction is pivotal to a school wide effort confronting the achievement gap in language and literacy. Kate Kinsella

There is no longer an excuse for any student to leave school lacking a general knowledge of…the basic general terms, the advanced general terms, and the academic terms…necessary for success in U.S. society. Robert Marzano