The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography Chapter 6: Religion The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography

Where Are Religions Distributed? Seek to appeal to all people Appeal to a smaller group of people living in one place

World Distribution of Religions Figure 6-3

Where Are Religions Distributed? ------ The largest world religion (about - billion adherents) Many adherents in ---, the ----- Three major branches -----(51 percent) ----(24 percent) ----(11 percent) Other, smaller branches of Christianity comprise 14 percent of all Christians

Distribution of Christians in the United States Figure 6-2

Where Are Religions Distributed? ----- The second-largest world religion (about --- billion adherents) Significant clusters in the ----, ---, and ----- Core of Islamic belief = the ---- pillars Two significant branches ---- (83 percent) -----(16 percent)

Where Are Religions Distributed? ----- About ---- million adherents (difficult to quantify) Significant clusters in ---, ---t --- The ----- Noble Truths Three branches Mahayana (----, ---, ----) Theravada (---- Asia) Tantrayana (----, -----)

Where Are Religions Distributed? ----- The third-largest religion in the world (---million adherents) --- percent of --- are found in India Many paths to spirituality

Where Are Religions Distributed? Ethnic religions Other ---- religions ---- (China) ---- (Japan) Judaism (today: the United States, Israel) The first ----- religion Ethnic African religions ----

Ethnic Religions Buddhism Hinduism Figure 6-5 Figure 6-4

Religions of the United States

Why Do Religions Have Different Distributions? Origin of religions -----: precise origins, tied to a specific founder ----- Founder: Jesus ---- Prophet of Islam: Muhammad Founder: Siddhartha Gautama

Why Do Religions Have Different Distributions? Origin of religions ----: unclear or unknown origins, not tied to a specific founder ------ No clear founder Earliest use of Hinduism = sixth century B.C. Archaeological evidence dating from 2500 B.C.

Why Do Religions Have Different Distributions? Diffusion of religions Universalizing religions ----- Diffuses via relocation and expansion diffusion Diffuses to North Africa, South and Southeast Asia ---- Slow diffusion from the core

Diffusion of Universalizing Religions Figure 6-6

Why Do Religions Have Different Distributions? Limited diffusion of ethnic religions ----- religions usually compete with ethnic religions Examples of mingling: ----- with African ethnic religions ----- with Confucianism in China and with ----in Japan Ethnic religions can diffuse with migration Judaism = ------

Why Do Religions Have Different Distributions? ---- places In universalizing religions ----- shrines ---------- = associated with the life of Muhammad In ---- religions -------- = closely tied to the physical geography of India Cosmogony in ----religions

Diffusion of Universalizing Religions Figure 6-17

Why Do Religions Have Different Distributions? The calendar In ----- religions = ---- of the ----- The ----- In ---- religions = ---- of the -------

Why Do Religions Organize Space in Distinctive Ways? Places of worship Many types: Christian -----, Muslim -----, Hindu ----, Buddhist and Shinto -----, Bahá’í ----- Figure 6-19

Why Do Religions Organize Space in Distinctive Ways? Sacred space Disposing of the dead ----- ----- of disposing of the dead Religious ----- Religious ----- ------

Religious Toponyms Figure 6-21

Why Do Religions Organize Space in Distinctive Ways? Administration of space ----- religions ----- Locally ----- religions ---- ------ ------

Roman Catholic Hierarchy in the United States Figure 6-22

Why Do Territorial Conflicts Arise? ---- versus ------ policies ---- versus social change ---- and Western values ---- and social inequality --- system Religion versus ----- Eastern ---- and ----- in the Soviet Union ------ in Southeast Asia

Why Do Territorial Conflicts Arise? Religion versus religion ------ Religious wars in ------ Religious wars in the ----- ---- (Christians in Muslim lands) ---- and ---- in Palestine

Distribution of Protestants in Ireland Figure 6-23

Two Perspectives on Palestine/Israel Figure 6-26

Israel’s “Separation Fence” Figure 6-27

The End. Up next: Ethnicity