17.5 Wilson’s New Freedom Objectives: Describe Woodrow Wilson’s background and the progressive reforms of his presidency. Explain the steps leading to women’s suffrage Sum up the limits of Wilson’s Progressivism

ELECTION OF 1912 Roosevelt loses Republican nomination Roosevelt seizes Progressive Republican League from La Follette and it becomes “Bull Moose” Party Democrats nominate Woodrow Wilson Wilson’s “New Freedom” v. TR’s “Square Deal” (Wilson wanted to break up trusts, make govt. smaller) Wilson elected by significant margin, but still as a MINORITY president REAL WINNER: Progressivism

Map: Presidential Election, 1912 Though he won a minority of the popular votes, Woodrow Wilson captured so many states that he achieved an easy victory in the electoral college. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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Wilson and Taft Wilson and Taft Having just squared off in the 1912 election campaign, the two politicians share a light moment before Wilson's inauguration on March 4, 1913. (Library of Congress) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Woodrow Wilson Only 2nd Democratic President since 1861 Idealistic (hard to compromise – a problem later) Reformer with popular appeal in era of party “machines” Governor of NJ Family ties with the South Academic President of Princeton

WILSON’S “NEW FREEDOM” =To attack the triple wall of privilege: TRUSTS TARIFFS HIGH FINANCE

WILSON’S PROGRESSIVE AGENDA TRUST-BUSTING: Federal Trade Act, 1914  Federal Trade Commission Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914  strengthen Sherman Anti-Trust Act

WILSON’S PROGRESSIVE AGENDA A NEW TAX SYSTEM ( = REDUCE TARIFFS=LESS FEDERAL INCOME) Underwood Tariff Bill (1913): 1st reduction since Civil War Sixteenth Amendment: Federal graduated income tax (starts at $4,000)

WILSON’S PROGRESSIVE AGENDA HIGH FINANCE: Federal Reserve Act creates Federal Reserve System. (Fed. Government could now quickly adjust the amount of money in circulation and make credit more available) 12 Regions with a federal reserve branch Could help local banks that ran into trouble

WILSON’S “NEW FREEDOM” =To attack the triple wall of privilege: TRUSTS TARIFFS HIGH FINANCE

Wilson said, “Without the watchful resolute interference of the government, there can be no fair play between individuals and the trust.” How does this statement reflect Wilson’s approach to reform? Support your answer.

Woman Suffrage http://www.reuther.wayne.edu/faces/WomenVoters.jpg Suffragettes gather in Downtown Detroit to advocate participation in the League of Women Voters, c. 1920

Woman Suffrage CATT’s STRATEGY: Highly organized Close ties b/w local, state, and natl. associations Cautious lobbying Lady-like behavior In 1910 Women could vote in federal election only in WY, UT, CO, ID Suffragettes began organizing women of all classes Carrie Chapman Catt, national leader of NAWSA (National Amer. Woman Suffrage Assoc.) RESULT: Successes in WA, CA, KS, OR, and AZ Failure in MI, OH, and WI

Election Day Election Day Critics of the woman-suffrage movement, including this cartoonist, believed that women's place was in the home, not in the public sphere. (Library of Congress) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

NEW TACTICS: National Woman’s Party Mrs. Carrie C. Catt addressing the Congress of the International Women's Suffrage. 5/29/1923. Cleveland Public Library Photograph Collection Preceding the inauguration of Wilson there was a near riot as 5,000 women marched, demanding the vote for women. The march was led by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns http://www.cpl.org/suffrage/SUFFRAGE3.jpg

Steadfast Effort

WOMEN’S THREE PART SUFFRAGE STRATEGY (pp. 518-519)

Nineteenth Amendment: Granting Women Suffrage (1920) Women’s continuous lobbying, and the combined strategies of Catt and Paul, as well as women’s contributions to WWI, finally pay off. https://www.hosenose.com/ssl/goingpostal/search_results.asp?txtsearchParamTxt=landarmy2&txtsearchParamCat=5 4&txtsearchParamType=ALL&iLevel=1&txtsearchParamMan=ALL&txtsearchParamVen=ALL&txtFromSearch= fromSearch&btnSearch.x=0&btnSearch.y=0 http://collections.ic.gc.ca/heirloom_series/volume3/chapter16/images/321-c.jpg

Compare and Contrast Alice Paul and Carrie Catt

TERMS Clayton Antitrust Act Federal Trade Commission Federal Reserve System Nineteenth Amendment Objectives: Describe Woodrow Wilson’s background and the progressive reforms of his presidency. Explain the steps leading to women’s suffrage Sum up the limits of Wilson’s Progressivism