Chapter 4 Periodic Table 4.1 Quiz = 15 October Chapter 4 Test = 23 October

Vocabulary Atom Electron Nucleus Proton Neutron Atomic number Isotope Mass number Atomic mass Periodic table Period Group Chemical symbol Metal Nonmetal Inert gas Semimetal Radioactivity

Practice: Due 23 October Atomic Theory Timeline (4.1) Create a time line that illustrates and describes the development of the atomic theory. If you would like to do this online, try using Meograph Elemental Superhero (4.2) Pick one of the elements. Research its properties. Invent a superhero with the properties of the element you chose. Draw and describe your superhero. Be sure to explain how the properties of the element relate to the skills and weakness of your hero. Fun format idea = create a "facebook" page for your superhero. Metal Families (4.3) Design a graphic organizer that shows similarities and difference between the metal families. Nonmetal Families (4.4) Design a graphic organizer that shows similarities and difference between the nonmetal families. Radioactive News Article (4.5) Find a news article about an event related to radioactivity. This can be a current article or one from the past. Write a summary. Include a link to the original article and an illustration.

Matter All the ‘stuff’ of the universe is composed of Matter. Ex: air, you, your table, a pencil, a star, etc… Matter – anything that has mass, and takes up space. The smallest particle of matter is an atom. The structure of the atom determines the traits of matter.

Atoms An atom consists of 3 main parts: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus (the center of the atom), while electrons orbit the nucleus. (like planets around our sun) Protons have a positive charge (+), neutrons are neutral (0), while electrons have a negative charge (-).

Important parts of the atom: Structure of an Atom Important parts of the atom: Subatomic Particle Symbol Charge Mass Location Proton p+ Positive 1 amu Nucleus Neutron N Neutral 1 amu Nucleus Electron e- Negative 0 amu Electron Cloud

The Periodic Table All matter in the universe is made up of elements. The periodic table organizes the elements by atomic # (the # of protons in the nucleus).

Structure of an Atom Atomic Number Chemical Symbol Chemical Name Atomic # = # of protons in the nucleus (this is what defines the element) Atomic Mass = sum of protons + neutrons in nucleus In an atom, the number of protons (+) are equal to the number of electrons (-) – so the charges balance out and the atom has a neutral overall charge Atomic Number Chemical Symbol Chemical Name Atomic Mass

Reading the Element Square To find the number of protons: it’s the same as the atomic number To find the number of electrons: it’s the same as the atomic number To find the number of neutrons: Atomic Mass - Atomic number___ # of neutrons

Organizing the Elements 1 18 2 13 14 15 16 17 Group or Family – elements in the same column (up or down), numbered from 1-18 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Period – a horizontal row (across) the periodic table, numbers from 1-7

Families Families or groups are in vertical columns (18) and elements in a family have similar traits or properties. Elements in a family can make the same number of bonds and so have similar chemical properties

Periods Periods are the horizontal rows are elements in a period DO NOT have similar properties. Elements in a period have the same # of electron shells.

Periodic Table Elements are also classified as metals, nonmetals or metalloids according to their properties The zig zag line on the table separates these categories To the left: metals To the right: non-metals Touching the zig zag line= metalloids

Properties of Metals Metals have similar physical properties. They are: Shiny Malleable – can bend or pound into shapes Ductile – can form into wires Good conductors of heat and electricity High melting points Hard Chemical properties can vary. Some can corrode, and some are very reactive – form bonds.

Properties of Non-metals Non-metals have the opposite properties of metals. They are: Dull Brittle Non-conductive (Insulators) Low melting points Mostly gases at room temperature Chemical properties: All non-metals can form compounds except the noble gases (family 18). Noble gases (inert gases) – the last family on the periodic table that does not react with anything. They are the snobs of the table. Ex: helium, neon

Properties of Semi-metals The semi-metals (also called metalloids) can have properties of both metals and nonmetals. Their most useful property is that they are semi-conductors. Semi-conductor – the varying ability to conduct electricity. Used in every computer chip in the world. Example: silicon