Ergogenic Aids Any substance (or food) that is believed to enhance one’s performance above normal standards. The IOC definition: “The administration or use of substances in any form alien to the body or of physiological substances in abnormal amounts and with abnormal methods by health persons with the exclusive aim of attaining an artificial and unfair increase in performance in sports.”

The use of these substances and practices is controversial The use of these substances and practices is controversial. There is great concern about the number of athletes engaging in the use of ergogenic aids. Drug testing has been instituted in many sporting programs in order to help curtail the use of these substances. Because of ethical violations associated with the inequities that result in competition and health problems that can result, use of these substances cannot be condoned!

Mechanical Aids Altitude Training Aqua (water) Training Heart Rate Monitors Computers - analyze VO2 max, technique, test results etc. Video recorders - analyze technique Tire towing - develop strength Weights - develop strength Hypoxic Tents - altitude training Nasal Strips Parachutes - develop strength Sports clothing, footwear and equipment Timing equipment Vibration Training Elastic cord (pulling)- develop speed Elastic cord (restraining) - develop strength Downhill running (3° to 5° slope) - develop speed Uphill running (5° to 10° slope) - develop strength Treadmills Weighted vests (5% to 8% of body weight) - develop strength Compression garments

Pharmacological Aids Amphetamine Androstenedione Anabolic Steroid Beta Blocker Creatine Monohydrate Caffeine Choline Carnitine Chromium Clenbuterol Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Gamma hydroxybutyric acid - GHB Hydroxymethylbutyrate - HMB Magnesium Phosphatidylserine Protein Supplements Sodium Bicarbonate Vanadyl Sulphate

Physiological Aids Acupuncture Altitude Training Blood Doping Creatine Colostrum EPO Herbal Medicines Homeopathy Human growth hormone Physiotherapy Sports Massage Sauna Ultra-violet rays

Nutritional Aids Beetroot Juice (Nitrate) Bicarbonate of Soda Carbohydrate Loading Caffeine Creatine Sports Drinks

Psychological Aids Centering Cheering Hypnosis Imagery Meditation Music Psychology Relaxation T'ai Chi

Ephedra

Caffeine

Narcotics

Beta Blockers

Diuretics

Anabolic Steroids

Human Growth Hormone

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Blood Doping

Local Anasthetics

Creatine

Preventing Drug Use In Sport The goal of sporting organizations is to protect the health of athletes and to help ensure that competition is fair and equitable. Sports programs should have full-service programs that provide substance abuse education, counseling, and drug-detection. Drug testing should be performed periodically in a random manner.

Athletes, parents, coaches, athletic trainers, physicians, and administrators must be educated about the dangers of drug abuse and the fact that it has no place in sports participation and recreation. Above all, a sports program must adopt the philosophy that “winning at all costs” is wrong. It is essential for athletes to believe that if they do their very best and adhere to the rules of the sport, they will be doing exactly what is expected of them.