Pre-History and Man’s Migration out of Africa

Note-Taking! An introduction to the traditional history lecture format Not common in our class (1 or 2 a week) but present in future history classes, college etc. What are some good note taking techniques?

A first-hand, or eyewitness, account of an event STANDARD WHI.2a The student will demonstrate knowledge of early development of humankind from the Paleolithic Era to the agricultural revolution by a) explaining the impact of geographic environment on hunter-gatherer societies. b) listing characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies, including their use of tools and fire. A first-hand, or eyewitness, account of an event More accurate than a secondary source. Ex: Artifacts, human remains, written records from the time. A second-hand source of information Not as accurate as a primary source Ex: Textbook, hearing information from others than an eyewitness. Prehistory is the time before written records were kept. Because these people didn’t write down their history we have to do our best to figure out what happened.

Ancient Buildings and Monuments The study of past societies through an analysis of what people have left behind. Artifacts are those things that people left behind, they can include: Tools and Weapons Art and Sculpture Pottery Ancient Buildings and Monuments Human Remains Jewelry

The study of human life and culture The remains of ancient plants and animals. Carbon dating can be used to date organic artifacts, or things that were once alive All living things contain a radioactive isotope of Carbon called Carbon 14 which they absorb from the sun while they are alive. Carbon 14 has a half-life of 5000 years. That means it takes 5,000 years for half of the Carbon 14 in something to break down. If we know how much Carbon 14 something has left we can count back to how much is had to begin with to determine the age of the artifact. Is limited to things 50,000 years old or less.

Humans and other creatures that walk upright on two feet. The first Hominids, they are thought to have emerged in East Africa in the Great Rift Valley between 3-4 million years ago. Second stage in early human development, Homo erectus, which means upright human being, emerged about 1.5 million years ago. These were the first hominids to leave Africa and moved into Europe and Asia. They also used more complex tools

About 250,000 years ago Homo sapiens emerged. Homo Sapiens means “Wise Person.” This group split into two distinct groups: Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens Sapiens Found in the Neander Valley in Germany. Thought to have lived between 100,000 and 30,000 years ago. Used stone tools, and buried their dead. It is thought they had some primitive religious beliefs. Were killed off by Homo Sapiens Neanderthals Homo Sapiens Sapiens

Appeared in Africa between 150,000-200,000 years ago Modern Human Beings Appeared in Africa between 150,000-200,000 years ago Began to migrate outside of Africa 100,000 years ago. By 10,000 B.C. Homo Sapiens could be found throughout the world due to migration. During the last ice age between 100,000 B.C. and 8000 B.C. the water level in the oceans dropped revealing a land bridge connecting Asia and North America

Paleolithic man lived in groups called clans. “Paleo” means old “Lithic” means stone Paleolithic= Old Stone Age. This era was called the stone age because early man used stone to make his tools and weapons. Paleolithic man lived in groups called clans. These clans got their food by Hunting and Gathering Once the food supply ran out they would move to a different area. Because they moved from place to place they were Nomadic. Essential Knowledge Were Nomadic: Wandered from place to place in search of food and shelter Invented the first tools and weapons including simple stone tools. Lived in groups called clans of about 20-30 people, used caves for shelter. Learned to make and control fire to keep warm and cook their food. Developed oral, or spoken language Made cave art and statues.

Early ideas about religion are often called sympathetic magic. Gathering was a more reliable source of food and so in Paleolithic society it is thought that it may have been Matriarchal, or female dominated. Women were often seen at the time as symbols of life and fertility. Many ancient religions were centered around the worship of the earth and the woman was often representative of the earth and life because of the fact that women gave birth. Early ideas about religion are often called sympathetic magic.

Developed Agriculture Domesticated Animals Used Advanced Stone Tools STANDARD WHI.2a The student will demonstrate knowledge of early development of humankind from the Paleolithic Era to the agricultural revolution by c) describing technological and social advancements that gave rise to stable communities. “Neo” means new “Lithic” means stone Neolithic means new stone age. The Neolithic Agricultural Revolution was the change from the Paleolithic period to the Neolithic Period. The thing that allowed for this change was the discovery of agriculture. It is thought that women discovered agriculture. Systematic Agriculture was the consistent growing of crops on a continuing basis. Domestication of Animals: In addition to growing crops Neolithic man also tamed animals for hunting (dogs) and other animals for their food such as sheep, cows, etc. . . Developed Agriculture Domesticated Animals Used Advanced Stone Tools Developed Weaving (better clothing) Made Pottery (for food storage)

The Agricultural Revolution John Green’s Crash Course World History! Pros of Agricultural Rev. Cons of Agricultural Rev.

Homework Annotating readings….. First step- Highlighting How have individuals used history to justify or criticize the paleolithic diet?