Reptiles

General Characteristics Dry skin Scales Toes with claws

Orders Order Squamata – lizards and snakes Order Crocodilia – alligators and crocodiles   Order Testudines – turtles and tortoises

Digestion All have teeth except for turtles Mouth to esophagus to stomach to small intestines to large intestines to cloaca Snakes have stretchy esophagus

Muscles around ribs to help get air in Respiration Nostrils to nasal passage to pharynx to larynx to trachea to 2 bronchi to bronchioles to respiratory membranes (spongy lungs) Muscles around ribs to help get air in

Circulation Double loop 2 atria and 1 ventricle but it is partially separated by a septum   Double loop Blood from the body passes through the right atrium to the right side of the ventricle then to the lungs Blood from the lungs is returned to the left atrium then to the left side of the ventricle then to the rest of the body Oxygen from the respiratory membrane goes to the capillaries surrounding it

Excretion Pair of kidneys that filter nitrogen wastes from the blood to the cloaca   Lizards and turtles have urinary bladders Kidneys also regulate the amount of water that stays in the body

Response and Movement See, hear, taste, smell and maintain balance   Well developed brain and nervous system Cerebrum larger Hypothalamus helps in temperature regulation Move from one area to another to regulate temperature (cold blooded - ectotherms) Very strong legs

Reproduction Internal fertilization before shell is placed around egg for protection Females cloaca, males have penis like organ Egg buried and left to hatch