Chapter 3 Section 2: The American Colonies and England

Objectives Explore how English traditions influenced the development of colonial governments. Analyze the economic relationship between England and its colonies. Describe the influence of the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening on the 13 colonies.

Terms and People Magna Carta – 1215 document that limited the king’s ability to tax English nobles and that guaranteed due process and a right to trial Parliament – English lawmaking body English Bill of Rights – 1689 document guaranteeing a number of freedoms habeas corpus – idea that no one could be held in prison without being charged with a specific crime salutary neglect – a policy in which England allowed its colonies self-rule

Terms and People (continued) mercantilism – economic policy under which a nation accumulates wealth by exporting more goods than it imports Navigation Acts – a series of trade laws enacted by Parliament in the mid-1600s Enlightenment – European intellectual movement during the 1600s and 1700s Benjamin Franklin – American colonist inspired by the Enlightenment, he was a printer, author, scientist, and inventor

Terms and People (continued) Great Awakening – a religious movement that occurred in the colonies in the mid-1700s

How did English ideas about government and the economy influence life in the 13 colonies? The relationship between England and the American colonies was economically and culturally close. But in the 1700s, the distant colonies started to form their own ideas about their government and economy.

The English had a long governmental tradition. Magna Carta- In 1215, English nobles made King John accept a limitation to his taxation and guaranteed the right to a trial.

Parliament- A 2 house legislature -House of Lords, an inherited position -House of Commons, elected by men with property. Glorious Revolution- The English overthrew King James and installed William and Mary, who granted the English Bill of Rights.

Colonists were English subjects and self- ruling. Colonists believed the English Bill of Rights applied to them, even though they lived in the colonies. However, the colonies enjoyed a long period of self-government and individual liberties.

English Parliament passed trade laws (the Navigation Acts.) The laws regulated colonial trade to create wealth and power for England in the 1600s.

In exchange, the colonies bought manufactured goods from England. English mercantilism meant the colonies exported raw materials only to England. In exchange, the colonies bought manufactured goods from England. The cloth for this dress was produced in England

The new ideas of the Enlightenment in the 1600s and 1700s influenced Americans. Exposed colonists to scientific reasoning and applying natural laws to government. Colonial leader Benjamin Franklin was inspired by the ideas of the Enlightenment.

In the colonies, the development of democracy was influenced by: English parliamentary tradition. Colonial self-rule. New ideas of the European Enlightenment. Judeo-Christian religious influence on colonial people.

Religion played an important part in colonial life: Many colonists immigrated for religious reasons. Churches played a social role in colonial life. Churches served as public places for holding elections, and posting new laws.

George Whitefield- Popular preacher in the colonies; helped launch a new religious movement (the Great Awakening.) Preachers traveled through the colonies and preached powerful sermons. Many people left their old established churches, joined the movement, and started new churches.

The Great Awakening gave rise to a changed political awareness. Participants realized that if you can select their own religion, you can also select your own government.

Section 2 Assessment What characteristics of the English government became part of the American government? (Pg. 72, 73, 75) What was the importance of the Enlightenment? (Pg. 77-78) What was the significance of the Great Awakening in the colonies? (Pg. 78-79) Why do you think the colonies adopted many government traits from England? (Opinion)

Parliament similar to Congress, Magna Carta similar to Constitution Brought about changes to scientific reasoning and government function Brought about a reform to churches and religion in the colonies Many colonists were from England, they saw successes and failures of English government and wanted to perfect their own