1. Mr. Plude
Chapter 2 Section 1

2. Roots of American Democracy
Main Idea American democracy was shaped by: -English political heritage -Colonial experiments in self-government, -Various intellectual influences.

3. English Political Heritage
Colonial government adapted old ideas, based on English traditions, to a new environment.

4. English Political Heritage
Representative Government
Tradition began in 11th century.
Evolved into bicameral, or two-chamber, legislature
Nobles & Clergy comprised upper house. House of Lords. (Senate)
Merchants & Artisans comprised lower house in House of Commons. House of Representatives

5. Bicameral

6. English Political Heritage
Limited Government
Began in 1215 when King John signed Magna Carta
Moved from rule of man to rule of law
Outlined individual rights which king could not violate
Included taxation and trial provisions

7. Magna Carta

8. Magna Carta

10. English Political Heritage
Individual Rights
1628: King Charles required to sign Petition of Right
Required monarchs to obtain Parliamentary approval before levying new taxes,
No unlawful imprisonment people
No military rule during times of peace

11. English Political Heritage
Extended conflict between Charles and Parliament erupted into civil war in 1642.
Charles defeated, beheaded

12. English Political Heritage
1685: renewed conflicts and rebellion between the Crown and Parliament
1689: William and Mary chosen to rule, - had to govern according to statutes Parliament

14. English Political Heritage
1689: English Bill of Rights passed
Free speech
Protection from cruel and unusual punishment guaranteed
Glorious Revolution established constitutional monarchy.

16. Roots of American Democracy

17. English Colonies
English colonists began to settle parts of North America in the early 1600s,
Brought English political theories and methods of governance.

18. English Colonies
Experiments in Early Governance
Jamestown’s House of Burgesses, 1619
Mayflower Compact, 1620
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639
Massachusetts Body of Liberties, 1641
Each charter guaranteed colonists the “Rights of Englishmen.”

19. English Colonies 3 Types of English Colonies
Proprietary, based on land grant to individual or group
Right to self-govern

20. English Colonies Types of English Colonies
Royal colonies, directly controlled by king through appointed governor

21. English Colonies Types of English Colonies
Charter colonies, operated under charters agreed to by colony and king; had most independence from the Crown

24. Intellectual Influences
In addition to English traditions, ideas were key to transforming loyal English colonists first into revolutionaries and then into founders of a new nation.

25. Intellectual Influences
Republicanism
Idea of representative government going back to Greece and Rome
Highly values citizen participation, public good, civic virtue
Influences included Aristotle, Machiavelli, de Montesquieu, others

27. Intellectual Influences
Judeo-Christian Influences
Religious heritage common to both Christianity and Judaism
Law and individual rights of divine origin

28. Intellectual Influences
Enlightenment Thinkers
Enlightenment—Intellectual movement in 18th century Europe
Classical liberal concerns addressed in Enlightenment

29. Intellectual Influences
Enlightenment Thinkers
Framers of U.S. Constitution believed in people’s natural rights to life, liberty, and property.
Social contract—People form a government to protect their rights
Philosophers John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau important contributors

30. Intellectual Influences
Enlightenment Thinkers
Economic and civil liberties important as well
Other influences included
Adam Smith – Economic Theory “The Invisible Hand”
, Voltaire, William Blackstone.