Myocardial function in hearts with transgenic overexpression of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 Edward P Chen, MD, Hartmuth B Bittner, MD, PhD,

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Myocardial function in hearts with transgenic overexpression of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 Edward P Chen, MD, Hartmuth B Bittner, MD, PhD, Shahab A Akhter, MD, Walter J Koch, PhD, R.Duane Davis, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 71, Issue 4, Pages 1320-1324 (April 2001) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01754-9

Fig 1 Cardiac output (CO) in both experimental groups is plotted against gradually increasing preload levels at a constant afterload of 55 mm Hg. Increases in preload led to significant increases in CO at all higher preload levels for both control (CTL) and transgenic (GRK5) hearts. The CO of GRK5 mice was significantly decreased in comparison with that of CTL mice. ∗ p < 0.001 versus 5 mm Hg; † p < 0.05 versus CTL. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2001 71, 1320-1324DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01754-9)

Fig 2 Contractility (dP/dt) in both experimental groups is plotted against gradually increasing preload levels at a constant afterload of 55 mm Hg. Increases in preload led to significant increases in dP/dt at certain higher preload levels for both control (CTL) and transgenic (GRK5) hearts. The dP/dt of GRK5 mice was significantly decreased in comparison with that of CTL mice. ∗ p < 0.05 versus 5 mm Hg; † p < 0.05 versus CTL. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2001 71, 1320-1324DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01754-9)

Fig 3 Stroke work (SW) in both experimental groups is plotted against gradually increasing preload levels at a constant afterload of 55 mm Hg. Increases in preload led to significant increases in SW at all higher preload levels for both control (CTL) and transgenic (GRK5) hearts. The SW of GRK5 mice was significantly decreased in comparison with that of CTL mice. ∗ p < 0.005 versus 5 mm Hg; † p < 0.05 versus CTL. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2001 71, 1320-1324DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01754-9)

Fig 4 Stroke volume (SV) in both experimental groups is plotted against gradually increasing preload levels at a constant afterload of 55 mm Hg. Increases in preload led to significant increases in SV at all higher preload levels for both control (CTL) and transgenic (GRK5) hearts. The SV of GRK5 mice was significantly decreased in comparison with that of CTL mice.∗ p < 0.001 versus 5 mm Hg; † p < 0.05 versus CTL. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2001 71, 1320-1324DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01754-9)