CS133 Input and output devices Input/output/LP

What’s available for input… touch - fingers, feet, breath sound - voice, other sounds gesture gaze brainwaves… Input/output/LP

and output… textual information visual images - photos, diagrams, icons moving images sounds - music, soundfx, voice tactile sensation force feedback texture feedback smells… Input/output/LP

What do we need to input? Pointing Depressing/releasing a switch - clicking Dragging Text input (Can we reduce this range to "Point and click?" Or simply a click or on-off switch?) Input/output/LP

Jim Lubin operates his machine by using a sip-and-puff device to enter Morse code patterns that input keyboard keys and mouse functions. Input/output/LP

The current norm for desktop systems Input via keyboard and mouse Output via text, pictures, movement, sound Input/output/LP

“Finger-on” computing Bill Buxton once remarked that if human society were destroyed apart from a computer shop, visiting Martian archeologists would determine that humans were monocular and had one hand with 29 digits on it. All the remaining body senses and capabilities are irrelevant to the computer interface. Input/output/LP

Keyboards QWERTY - Christopher Latham Sholes, 1870's. Designed to "slow down" typing, to prevent the types from jamming. Input/output/LP

Dvorak keyboard August Dvorak 1936. Increased accuracy in typing by almost 50 % and speed by 15-20 % Input/output/LP

Comparison Input/output/LP

Ergonomic keyboard design Input/output/LP

Ergonomic keyboards Input/output/LP

Ergonomic keyboards Input/output/LP

Chord keyboards Input/output/LP

Pointing devices - direct Touchscreens Input/output/LP

Touchscreens Often used for applications with occasional use, for example Bank ATMs, Information Kiosks, etc. No extra hardware - used for input and for output Can be precise to 1 pixel Good for menu choice - not so good for other functions Intuitive to use Input/output/LP

Touchscreens BUT Tiring if at wrong angle (needs to be 30-45% from horizontal) Get greasy, jammy Finger can obscure screen Alternative - use stylus to touch screen, or lightpen Input/output/LP

Indirect Pointing Devices Need more cognitive processing than direct methods, but can be more efficient mouse tracker ball trackpoint touchpad… Input/output/LP

Indirect pointing devices - mouse Invented by Doug Englebart, Xerox PARC, in 1966 "Mouse arm" - RSI injury Range of technologies, including wireless mice - for home entertainment, lectures, etc Input/output/LP

Indirect pointing devices - other Trackerball, trackpad, trackpoint Less space on desktop Good in moving environments, e.g. car, train Input/output/LP

Indirect pointing devices - other Joystick Some with force feedback for haptic experience Input/output/LP

Indirect pointing devices - other Footmouse Equivalent to conventional mouse but no RSI Input/output/LP

Indirect pointing devices - other Graphics tablet Large touch sensitive surface operated via stylus, pencil, Can be larger than screen, for precise pointing and accurate control Pressure and angle sensitive Input/output/LP

A new idea… Interactive music via “joysticks” Input/output/LP

Criteria of interest for HCI Speed of motion for short and long distances Accuracy of positioning Error rate Ease of learning Support for (complex) tasks Input/output/LP

Cost Durability Weight Space requirements Will it get lost? LH vs. RH Likelihood of RSI Input/output/LP

Choosing devices Match physiological & psychological characteristics Appropriate for task Suitable for the work & environment Left and/or right handed Designed by men, used by women? All kinds of special needs, from slight long sight to severe motor/visual/ cognitive disability Input/output/LP

Alternatives … Speech (also for text input) Input/output/LP

Alternatives … Gaze input - via reflections of laser beam aimed at retina. Here with pointing via data glove Input/output/LP

Alternatives … Brain activity input - this neural network system distinguishes 5 brain patterns - for up, down, L, R & click Input/output/LP

The challenge of interactivity for everyone, everywhere Interactive TV Household devices, e.g. curtains, garage door, central heating Mobiles, palm tops, badge computers, toys, interactive clothing Input/output/LP