Mandate System During World War I, Great Britain & France agreed to divide up large portions of Ottoman Empire in the Middle East After the war, “mandate system” gave Great Britain & France control over lands that became: Iraq, Transjordan, and Palestine (British controlled) Syria and Lebanon (French controlled). This division of Ottoman Empire (through mandate system) led to future conflicts in Middle East
Highlight – Britain Highlight – France
THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES, 1919
THE BIG FOUR
David Lloyd-George [Great Britain] Woodrow Wilson [USA] Vittorio Orlando [Italy] Georges Clemenceau [France]
Woodrow Wilson - USA President of the USA Wilson was an idealist and reformer, who wanted to build a better and more peaceful world He didn’t want the Treaty to be too harsh as he believed this would lead to revenge He wanted to set up a peace keeping body – The League of Nations http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/worldhistory/leagueofnations/zoom.weml
David Lloyd George – Great Britain He was a realist An experienced politician who realized there must be compromise But the people of Britain wanted revenge He knew this would lead to war but he represented the people
George Clemenceau - France Clemenceau had seen France invaded by Germany in 1870 and 1914, he wanted to make sure this would never happen again France had suffered greatly during the War they wanted compensation and revenge Uncompromising
Vittorio Orlando - Italy Wanted land and territory for Italy Walked out of the meeting when he didn’t get his way in April 1919 Returned to sign the Treaty in May
Wilson’s Plan for Peace President Wilson’s goals for peace after World War I, known as the Fourteen Points, included the following: · an end to secret agreements among nations · freedom of the seas, free trade, and a limit on arms · allow national groups to choose which government they wished to live – concept known as self-determination 14th point = League of Nations
TREATY OF VERSAILLES, 1919 REVENGE ON GERMANY THE TERMS The Treaty was designed to cripple Germany militarily, territorially and economically REVENGE ON GERMANY WAR GUILT CLAUSE Germany had to accept blame for starting WW1 GERMANY’S MILITARY FORCES REDUCED NO UNION WITH AUSTRIA - Army restricted to 100,000 men. - No modern weapons such as tanks, military air force. - Navy could not have battle ships over 10,000 tons and no U-Boats. THE TERMS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES 1919 REPARATIONS Germany forced to pay massive fine for war damages - 1,000,000,000 Marks (6.6bn pounds). GERMAN OVERSEAS TERRITORRIES RHINELAND TO BE DE-MILITARISED Germany lost Chinese ports, Pacific Islands, and African colonies GERMAN NATIONAL TERRITORY Germany lost national territory which was given to Belgium and Denmark, most went to Poland. Alsace-Lorraine returned to the French
The map of Europe was redrawn The Great War was to see the collapse of four continental empires. These were to be replaced by new nation states.