Volatile anesthetics in preventing acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis Jieru Cai, MD, Rende Xu, MD, PhD,

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Volatile anesthetics in preventing acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis Jieru Cai, MD, Rende Xu, MD, PhD, Xiaofang Yu, MD, PhD, Yi Fang, MD, PhD, Xiaoqiang Ding, MD, PhD The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 148, Issue 6, Pages 3127-3136 (December 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.07.085 Copyright © 2014 Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Flow diagram of trial search and selection progress. RCT, Randomized, controlled trial; AKI, acute kidney injury; TIVA, total intravenous anesthesia. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2014 148, 3127-3136DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.07.085) Copyright © 2014 Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Forest plot of relative risks in the incidence of AKI (A) and renal replacement therapy (B). TIVA, Total intravenous anesthesia; M-H, Mantel-Haenszel (log-rank); CI, confidence interval. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2014 148, 3127-3136DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.07.085) Copyright © 2014 Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Forest plot of weighted mean differences in the levels of renal biomarkers. A, Serum creatinine level at intensive care unit arrival. B, Serum creatinine level on the first postoperative day. C, Serum creatinine level on the second postoperative day. D, Serum cystatin C level on the first postoperative day. TIVA, Total intravenous anesthesia; IV, instrumental variable; CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2014 148, 3127-3136DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.07.085) Copyright © 2014 Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Forest plot of weighted mean differences in the change of serum creatinine level from baseline at intensive care unit arrival (A), on the first postoperative day (B), and on the second postoperative day (C). TIVA, Total intravenous anesthesia; IV, instrumental variable; CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2014 148, 3127-3136DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.07.085) Copyright © 2014 Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Forest plot of relative risks in the incidences of prolonged intensive care unit stay (A), prolonged hospitalization (B), and all-cause mortality (C). TIVA, Total intravenous anesthesia; M-H, Mantel-Haenszel (log-rank); CI, confidence interval. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2014 148, 3127-3136DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.07.085) Copyright © 2014 Terms and Conditions