Chapter 14 Notes Medieval Art in Europe

Objectives…WOOT!!! Gain an understanding of the basic geography of Western Europe and be able to see ancient territories beneath the labels of modern states. Understand the vastness of the vacuum due to the departure of Rome. Grasp the unique characteristics of developments in the British Isles. Appreciate the enormous consequence of Charlemagne's decision to resurrect the "Roman Empire." Estimate how Charlemagne's new empire looked backwards toward Rome as well as surveyed the new values and attitudes attendant in the triumph of Christianity in Western Europe.

Groups to Know Barbarians: Those outside of the Roman Empire Visigoths: Spain Celts: Ireland/Scotland Anglo-Saxons: Britain Franks: Germany Huns: Central Asia Norse: Scandinavia

The Early Middle Ages Decline of the Roman Empire in the 4th-5th centuries Authority replaced by Barbarians Celts controlled most of Europe Goths lived around the Baltic Sea Saw the better standard of living in the Roman Empire Moved in Beginning of feudalism

The Visigoths Lived outside the Roman Empire Moved in across southern France and settled in Spain Adopted Latin and accepted Roman Christianity Superior metalworkers

Gilt, Bronze, Crystal, Garnets Eagle Brooch 6TH Century Spain Gilt, Bronze, Crystal, Garnets

The Celts and Anglo-Saxons Angles and Saxons from Germany Occupied Britain Hiberno-Saxon Hibernia = Roman name for Ireland Burial Ship at Sutton Hoo 90 ft. long Designed for rowing Weapons, armor, and other equipment to provide for a ruler’s after life

Purse Cover from Sutton Hoo Burial Ship 7th Century England Artist used cloisonne technique Cells formed from gold wire to hold pieces of garnet or glass

Christianity Monasteries flourished in the Celtic world Illustrated books among the best surviving artwork of the time Used for missionary activities throughout the early Middle Ages Spread the news of Christianity Glorified the Word of God

Book of Kells One of the most beautiful Hiberno-Saxon Gospel books Spiral Interlace Chi-Rho Iota is most celebrated page Greek Letter XPI Introduces Matthew, beginning the account of Jesus’ birth Each letter is outlined Painter inserted numerous pictorial and symbolic references to Christ Initials Fish Moths Cross-Inscribed Eucharist wafer Chalice Angels

Carolingian Empire Charles the Great, or Charlemagne, is King of the Franks Crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Revives a strong, efficient government Stimulates renewed interest in learning and art (esp. from ancient Rome)  Carolingian Renaissance New capital at Aachen

Carolingian and Ottonian Art Video: Professor Klass

Carolingian Architecture Inspired by Roman and Early Christian architecture Charlemagne’s palace complex at Aachen provides an example of this synthesis Palace Complex Charlemagne’s private chapel Imperial mausoleum Central-Plan with an octagonal twist

Palace Chapel of Charlemagne 792-805 Aachen

Lindau Gospels Manuscript covers were often made of valuable materials Lindau gospels made at one of the monastic workshops Crucifixion = Common theme Gold figures formed using the repousse method Angels hover over Jesus’ head

Crucifixion with Angels and Mourners Lindau Gospels 870-80 Gold, Pearls, Sapphires, Garnets, and Emeralds

Gero Crucifix Archbishop Gero of Cologne commissioned the sculpture 6 ft. tall

Gero Crucifix 970 Germany Oak

Christ Washing the Feet of His Disciples Peter protested Elongated limbs Figure unbinding his sandals Figure holding a basin of water Apostles look on with wide eyes…REALLY wide eyes

Christ Washing the Feet of his Disciples 1000 Vellum