Efficacy of intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion on emergence agitation and quality of recovery after nasal surgery  S.Y. Kim, J.M. Kim, J.H. Lee,

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Efficacy of intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion on emergence agitation and quality of recovery after nasal surgery  S.Y. Kim, J.M. Kim, J.H. Lee, B.M. Song, B.N. Koo  British Journal of Anaesthesia  Volume 111, Issue 2, Pages 222-228 (August 2013) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet056 Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Patient assignment to study group (randomized) and treatment protocols. D, dexmedetomidine; C, control with normal saline. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2013 111, 222-228DOI: (10.1093/bja/aet056) Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Incidence of emergence agitation and dangerous emergence agitation. D, dexmedetomidine; C, control with normal saline; EA, emergence agitation. Emergence is defined as the period from the end of surgery to 2 min after extubation. Agitation is defined as a sedation-agitation scale score of ≥5. Dangerous agitation is defined as a sedation-agitation scale score=7. *P=0.041 compared with Group C. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2013 111, 222-228DOI: (10.1093/bja/aet056) Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Haemodynamic changes during operation and emergence. (a) MAP, and (b) HR. Baseline, before anaesthetic induction; Op-10, 10 min after the start of operation; Op-30, 30 min after the start of operation; Op-end, end of operation; Ext, extubation; Ext-2, 2 min after extubation. Data are expressed as mean (sd). *P<0.05 compared with Group C (Bonferroni corrected). †P<0.05 compared with baseline in each group (Bonferroni corrected). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2013 111, 222-228DOI: (10.1093/bja/aet056) Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions