Chapter 9 Understanding Work Teams Essentials of Organizational Behavior, 10/e Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge Chapter 9 Understanding Work Teams

After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Contrast groups and teams, and analyze the growing popularity of using teams in organizations. Compare and contrast four types of teams. Identify the characteristics of effective teams. Show how organizations can create team players. Decide when to use individuals instead of teams. Show how the understanding of teams differs in a global context.

Why Are Teams So Popular? Increased competition 竞争 (Jìngzhēng) forces restructuring重组 (Chóngzǔ) for efficiency and effectiveness Teams: Better use employee talents Are more flexible and ability to change Get everyone involved and motivate

Groups and Teams Work Group – Work Team – (1+1=3 or more) A group who interacts primarily to share information and to make decisions to help one another perform within each member’s area of responsibility Work Team – (1+1=3 or more) Generates positive synergy (working together) through coordinated effort; individual efforts result in a level of performance that is greater than the sum of the individual person

Comparing Work Groups and Work Teams

Four Types of Teams Let’s take a closer look at each of these types of teams!

Problem-Solving Teams Members often from the same department Share ideas or suggest improvements Have limited authority on their own to make any changes but their suggestions are very important.

Self-Managed Work Teams 10-15 employees Team takes on supervisory responsibilities Work planning and scheduling Assigning tasks Operating decisions/actions Working with customers May select and evaluate members Effectiveness depends on the situation

Cross-Functional 跨职能 (Kuà zhínéng) Teams Members from same level, but diverse areas within & between organizations Exchange information Develop new ideas and solve problems Coordinate complex projects Development may be time-consuming due to complexity and diversity

Virtual Teams Computer technology ties dispersed team together Special challenges: Less social time together More task-oriented Members less satisfied

Key Components of Effective Teams Context Composition Work Design Process What do each of these mean?

Contextual 语境 (Yǔ jìng) Parts Presence of good resources Effective leadership and structure Level of trust in the team. Necessary for group cohesiveness (oneness) Performance evaluation and reward system that reflects team contributions

Team Composition Components Abilities of members Technical expertise Problem-solving Interpersonal Personality Conscientious and open-minded Diversity & cultural awareness Size of teams Member preferences

Work Design Components Freedom Autonomy自治 (Zìzhì) Skill variety Task identity Task significance Enhances motivation and team effectiveness

Process Components Common plan and purpose Specific goals Producing the intended result the team expects Common mental models Low levels of conflict Minimized social loafing

Turning Individuals Into Team Players Selection – Need employees who have the interpersonal as well as technical skills Training – Workshops on problem-solving, communications, negotiation, conflict-management and coaching skills Rewards – Encourage cooperative efforts rather than individual ones

Teams Aren’t Always the Answer: Three Tests Complexity of Work: Can the work be done better by more than one person? Common Purpose: Does the work create a common purpose or set of goals for the people in the group that is more than the total of individual goals? Interdependence: 相互依存 Xiānghù yīcún Are the members of the group interdependent?

Global Implications Teamwork does not come easy in the US as Americans are very individualistic, but this is changing among the current generation Self-managed teams may be difficult to introduce globally – power distance problems. Team cultural diversity creates difficulties in the short run.

Implications for Managers Common characteristics of effective teams: Have adequate resources, effective leadership, a climate of trust, and suitable reward system Composed of individuals with technical and interpersonal skills Work provides freedom, autonomy, and opportunity to use skills Members are committed to a common purpose

Keep in Mind… Proper selection of members increases likelihood of effective teams Team should be constructed based on ability, skill, and applicable member traits given the situation Non-personal conflicts can lead to better team decisions

Summary Contrasted groups and teams, and analyzed the growing popularity of using teams in organizations. Compared and contrasted four types of teams. Identified the characteristics of effective teams. Showed how organizations could create team players. Decided when to use individuals instead of teams. Showed how the understanding of teams differed in a global context.

GROUP DISCUSSION QUESTIONS (1 member take down team notes) What are the major differences between groups and teams? Why are teams popular – why do people like teams? Can draw pictures if that helps. What are the 4 types of teams? Describe them? Use a picture if that helps. What makes teams effective? How can we turn individuals into team players? What are 3 questions to ask if teams are right? As a manager what are things we need to think about when using teams?

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