Properties of Matter UNIT 2 - Lesson 1 Notes

What is Matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (volume) Matter has its own unique properties… Physical Property Changes of State

Physical vs. Chemical Properties Chemical properties – properties you can observe that change a substance into a new substance. Physical properties – properties you can observe without changing a substance into a new substance.

Physical Properties One physical property is density, which is an object’s mass divided by its volume.  Even though these two blocks look the same, they have different densities!

Uniform Object Irregular Object The UNIT is g/cm3 The UNIT is g/mL Physical Properties 2. The measurement of density is usually given in g/cm3 or g/mL. Uniform Object Irregular Object The UNIT is g/cm3 The UNIT is g/mL

Physical Properties An object less dense than water (1 g/mL) will float in water. An object more dense than water will sink in water.

Physical States of Matter Four physical states of matter: Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Solids – the matter’s atoms are in a fixed position relative to each other. BALL and STICK DEMO Block of ICE

Physical States of Matter Liquids – atoms are attracted to each other, but can change positions with each other. Liquids fill the shape of the container they occupy Puddle of Water Comparing Solid and Liquids

Physical States of Matter Gases – atoms have almost no attractive force on each other, so atoms move freely and will fill the entire container they are placed in. Gas Cloud

Physical States of Matter Plasma – electrons can escape and move outside of the ion’s electron cloud. The most common state of matter in the universe. Stars and lightning bolts are composed of matter in the plasma state.

What do you think will make a phase change happen? States of Matter Matter can change from one state to another. What do you think will make a phase change happen?

States of Matter Changes in state can occur because of increases or decreases in temperature and pressure. Matter is changed from a Liquid to Solid Freezing Point (0◦C) Matter is changed from a Liquid to Gas Boiling Point (100 ◦ C) Matter is changed from a Solid to Liquid Melting Point *Temperatures are based on water values* Molecules Speed Up When Heated

States of Matter When matter changes state, its chemical properties do not change, but physical properties may change.

Phase Change Diagram sublimation GAS CONDENSES EVAPORATES LIQUID FREEZES LIQUID MELTS TEMPERATURE SOLID HEAT ENERGY