CCATGTTA 2. What is the shape of DNA? Mind Stretcher 2-16-17 1. Complete the other half of this DNA sequence…make sure to copy this half below too! CCATGTTA 2. What is the shape of DNA? GGTACAAT Double helix 2/22/2019

Genetics Vocabulary

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Vocabulary Review trait -A physical characteristic. heredity -The passing of traits from parents to offspring. genetics - The scientific study of heredity. 2/22/2019 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Which of the following is an example of a trait? iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) Bb B.) Talking loud C.) Brown eyes D.) Tying shoes E.)

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Genes are the factors that control Traits. Alleles are the different forms of Genes. Individual Alleles control the inheritance of Traits. An offspring receives one allele from each parent. 2/22/2019 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

What is the term for factors that control traits? iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) Genes B.) Purebreds C.) Recessives D.) Parents E.)

Which term refers to physical characteristics that are studied in genetics? iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) Traits B.) Offspring C.) Generations D.) Hybrids E.)

Free template from www.brainybetty.com DOMINANT & recessive: A dominant allele is one whose trait always shows up in an organism when the allele is present. - capital letter (AA, Aa) A recessive allele is covered up when the dominant allele is present. - lower case letter (aa) 2/22/2019 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Let’s Practice- R = one eyed monster r = two eyed monster R is the dominant allele for a one eyed monster. r is the recessive allele for a monster with two eyes. R = one eyed monster r = two eyed monster 2/22/2019

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Phenotype Phenotype is an organisms physical appearance or its visible traits. Example: a pea plant stem height can be short or tall. 2/22/2019 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Genotype Genotype is an organisms genetic makeup, or allele combination. Example: TT, Tt, tt 2/22/2019 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Monster Genetics Parent’s Genotype = Rr How many eyes will our monster have? 2/22/2019

Monster Genetics Parent’s Genotype = RR How many eyes will our monster have? 2/22/2019

Monster Genetics Parent’s Genotype = rr How many eyes will our monster have? 2/22/2019

What does the notation TT mean to geneticists? iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) Two dominant alleles B.) Two recessive alleles C.) No dominant alleles D.) One dominant and one recessive allele E.)

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Describing genotypes Homozygous (or Purebred) is used to describe an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait. - Example: TT and tt Heterozygous (or Hybrid) is used to describe an organism with two different alleles. - Example: Tt 2/22/2019 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Pick the answer that best describes "Aa". iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) Homozygous B.) Heterozygous C.) D.) E.)

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Punnett Squares A punnett square is a chart that shows all possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross. 2/22/2019 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Punnett Example Yellow is dominant over Green. What is the probability that the offspring will be yellow? 100% 2/22/2019 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Punnett Problems In purple people eaters, one-horn is dominant and no horns is recessive. Draw a Punnett Square showing the cross of a purple people eater that is hybrid for horns, with a purple people eater that does not have horns. 2/22/2019 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Answer Hybrids have two different alleles for one trait. Hh is the hybrid in the example. No horns would have to be hh because it is a recessive allele. 2/22/2019 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Probability The mathematical chance or likelihood that an event will occur. Remember: Each box on Punnett square represents 25% of the whole (100%) 2/22/2019 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Stop Here & Complete back of sheet 2/22/2019 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Codominance Some alleles are neither dominant or recessive. Codominance is when alleles are neither dominant or recessive, both alleles are expressed in the offspring. 2/22/2019

What will Happen? You have two flowers, a white and a red, that are crossed. The flowers are codominant. What color will their offspring be? 2/22/2019

Incomplete Dominance When BOTH alleles have some degree of influence. *Analogy- It’s like mixing blue and red paint colors…the result would make PURPLE paint. 2/22/2019

What will Happen? You have two flowers, a white and a red, that are crossed. The flowers display incomplete dominance. What color will their offspring be? 2/22/2019

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Punnett Problems In Bears the dominant allele for brown fur is R, black fur is recessive. The female bear is Rr and the male bear is rr. 2/22/2019 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

What are the four possible phenotypes for the cubs? iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) RR, Rr B.) Rr, rr C.) 2 brown, 2 black D.) 3 brown, 1 black E.)

What is the probability that the cub will have black fur? iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) 50% B.) 25% C.) 75% D.) 100% E.)

What do you call one set of instructions for an inherited trait? iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) allele B.) phenotype C.) albinism D.) genes E.)

Two forms of a gene, one from each parent, are called iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) alleles. B.) phenotypes. C.) albinism. D.) genes. E.)

What is a plant that has two dominant genes or two recessive genes called? iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) organism B.) genotype C.) homozygous D.) heterozygous E.)

F Multiple Choice iRespond Question The allele for freckles, F, is dominant among humans. If a woman with freckles (FF) and a man without freckles (ff) have children, what are the possible genotypes of the children? A.) Ff B.) FF, Ff, ff C.) Ff, ff D.) ff E.)

A.) Long tails are a dominant trait. F Multiple Choice iRespond Question Part of a mouse’s tail is cut off as the mouse escapes from a cat. The mouse later reproduces. Which explanation best describes why the mouse’s offspring have long tails? A.) Long tails are a dominant trait. B.) Short tails do not appear in the first generation or the second generation. C.) Cutting the tail of the mouse changed its genes. D.) Cutting the tail of the mouse did not change its genes. E.)

What is the genotype of the offspring represented in the upper left-hand box of the Punnett square? Multiple Choice iRespond Question A.) RR C.) rr D.) rrr B.) Rr E.)

What is the ratio of Rr (purple-flowered plants) to rr (white-flowered plants) in the offspring? iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) 1:3 B.) 2:2 C.) 3:1 D.) 4:0 E.)

Green seed color (G) is dominant to yellow seed color (g) Green seed color (G) is dominant to yellow seed color (g). If two heterozygous parents are crossed, what will be the resulting genotypes of the offspring? iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) GG, Gg, gg B.) Gg, gg C.) GG, Gg D.) gg, GG E.)

iRespond Question Multiple Choice F Justify Your Answer: Green seed color (G) is dominant to yellow seed color (g). If two heterozygous parents are crossed, what will be the resulting genotypes of the offspring? What is the probability of getting a green seed color? What is the probability of getting a yellow seed color? E.)