1. Genetics: design a species (dragon) http://biologycorner
Create a baby
Lots of lesson plans
Mouse cloning lab

2. Welcome Back!! 
TEACHER DESK
FRONT DOOR

3. GENETICS: WHAT MAKES YOU, YOU?
BIOLOGY

4. GENETICS?

5. Genetics
Heredity/Inheritance: Characteristics are passed from parent to offspring
Trait: A specific, observable characteristic of an individual
Hybrids: Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
Where did YOU get your looks? Use definitions to prompt definitions before you show the sentence

6. Gregor Mendel Austrian monk, took care of garden
Worked with pea plants (Why?)
Fertilization (sexual reproduction to create a new cell)
Wanted to see why some pea plants were tall, short, purple, white, etc.
Pea plants are small, easy to grow, reproduce quickly

7. Gregor Mendel
To learn how these traits were determined, Mendel “crossed” diff. pure-bred plants
Made hybrids
7 different traits

8. Aa (gene) A (allele)=black hair a (allele)=blonde hair
Genes & Alleles
Gene: Parts of DNA that get passed from parent to offspring
Alleles: A different form of a gene
Example: The gene for hair color has two alleles: Blonde and black.
Aa (gene) A (allele)=black hair a (allele)=blonde hair
Allele = option

9. Principal of Dominance
Principal of Dominance: Some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
Someone with at least ONE dominant allele for a particular form of a trait will exhibit that form of the trait. An organism with a recessive allele for a particular form of a trait will only exhibit that form when the dominant allele for the trait is not present. In Mendel’s exp, the allele for tall was dominant, the allele for yellow was dominant over recessive.

10. An Inventory of My Traits!
How unique is a person’s combinations of alleles?

11. Why are some people left handed??

12.
What determines handedness?

13. Take out your definitions outline
Notebook for warm up

14. Warm Up What is the difference between a trait and a gene?
Gene versus allele?
Dominant versus recessive?

15. Homozygous versus Heterozygous
Organisms that have identical alleles for a particular gene: Homozygous (ex. TT)
Organisms that have different alleles for a particular gene: Heterozygous (ex. Tt)

16. Phenotype VS Genotype! Phenotype: physical traits
Genotype: genetic make up
Plants: TT, Tt, tt.
How many phenotypes?
How many genotypes?
Two phenotypes, 3 genotypes
Tt, or TT tt

17. Alleles for each gene segregate from each other so that each gamete only cares one allele for each gene. Alleles separate during gamete formation and then pair up again in the F2 generation. Reccessive trait for height reappears later.

18. Segregation
Alleles for each gene segregate from each other so that each gamete only carries one allele for each gene
Alleles separate during gamete formation and then pair up again in the F2 generation.
**Recessive traits can reappear in F2**
The trait controlled by the recessive allele showed up in some of the F2 plants. So at some point the allele for shortness had separated from the allele for tallness. Alleles for tallness and shortness in the F1 plants must have segregated from each other during the formation of sex cells (gametes).

19. Using Probability
If you crossed a TT plant with a Tt plant, would its offspring be tall or short?
If you crossed a Tt plant with a tt plant, what percentage of offspring would be tall? What percentage would be short?

20. Predictions: Using Punnett Squares
Punnett squares use probability to predict genotype & phenotype combinations in genetic crosses.
You begin with a square. Then following the principle of segregation, all possible combinations of alleles in the gametes produced by one parent are written along the top edge of the square. The other parent’s alleles are then segregated along the left edge. Then write genotype possibilities for the F2 generation in the boxes.

21. Practice
An F1 rabbit that is homozygous for long ears is crossed with a heterozygous rabbit. What is the probability that the cross will produce a rabbit with long ears?
Use a punnett square to explain!
100%

22. Independent Assortment
How do alleles segregate when more than one gene is involved?
Dihybrid vs monohybrid cross
Two different genes? Dihybrid. Single gene? Monohybrid. He wanted to see whether genes segregate independently. In F2, he found that some seeds had a combination of phenotypes not found in parents, so alleles for seed shape segregated independently from seed color. 9:3:3:1. Determine what alleles can be found in all of the possible gametes that each parent can produce.

23. Practice
Let’s cross two pea plants that are heterozygous for size (tall & short alleles) and pea color (green & yellow alleles). The genotypes of the two parents are:
TtGg and TtGg
What is the ratio of tall to short phenotypes? Green to yellow phenotypes?

24. Review…
In dragons, the allele for red scales is dominant over the allele for green scales.
The male dragon has red scales. How can you determine the genotype of the red dragon?

25. Practice
In a certain breed of dogs, yellow fur is dominant over brown fur. A heterozygous male has offspring with a homozygous recessive female.
What percentage of offspring will be heterozygous?
What percentage of offspring will be yellow? Brown?

26. Calculating Probabilities
The ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes in a monohybrid cross is 3:1
3/4 chance of showing dominant phenotype
1/4 chance of showing recessive phenotype

27. Welcome Back!
1. Take out your Monster Genetics assignment Take out notebook for warm up

28. Warm Up
-Assume big size in dogs is dominant and small is recessive. Two dogs are crossed; one is heterozygous for size, and the other is homozygous recessive for size What fraction of the offspring are big? What fraction are small?

29. Warm Up
Brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue (b). A brown-eyed man and a blue-eyed woman have 3 children: two of whom have brown eyes, and one of whom has blue eyes.
Draw the Punnett square.
What is the man’s genotype?
What are the genotypes of the children?

30. Is it possible for a red flower and a white flower to reproduce pink flowers?

31. Other Patterns of Inheritance
Incomplete Dominance: When one allele is not completely dominant over another.
Codominance: When phenotypes produced
by both alleles are clearly expressed.
Can red plus white = pink??

32. Incomplete Dominance / Codominance

33. Examples??
Heterozygous is in-between for incomplete dominance

34. What’s Due Punnett Square Practice due NEXT CLASS Bring ipads/laptops
Bring colored pencils or any sketching pens