7.4 Polymers © Nelson Thornes 2011 1.

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Presentation transcript:

7.4 Polymers © Nelson Thornes 2011 1

Polymers The correct term for what we normally call plastics is polymers. The first ‘synthetic’ polymer, called Bakelite, was invented in 1907. Synthetic means that it was made from chemicals. It is amazing to think that in only a hundred years, hundreds of different polymers have been invented. © Nelson Thornes 2011

Polymers Most polymers are made from crude oil. The oil is processed, and a complex series of chemical reactions takes place to make the polymers. © Nelson Thornes 2011

Polymers Polymers are good insulators of electricity and heat. Some of the stronger polymers can be as strong as metals. Polymers are not normally painted, but their colour can be changed by adding colours to the plastic before it is made into a product. © Nelson Thornes 2011

Types of polymers There are two main types of polymer: Thermoplastic polymers Thermosetting polymers © Nelson Thornes 2011

Thermoplastic polymers The term ‘plastic’ that we often use for all polymers is an abbreviation of thermoplastic polymer. When thermoplastic polymers are heated they soften and can be easily shaped. The polymer will harden when cooled and retain the new shape. It can be reshaped when reheated. © Nelson Thornes 2011

Thermoplastic polymers Properties Examples of use Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Soft and flexible. Not very strong Carrier bags, detergent bottles, packaging High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Strong Bowls, buckets, milk crates Polypropylene (PP) Can be bent or flexed many times without breaking. High impact strength for a polymer Lunch boxes, plastic chairs, children’s toys High-impact polystyrene (HIPS) Light but strong Vacuum-formed packaging and casings Acrylic (polymethyl methacrylate – PMMA) It can be transparent, like glass, or coloured with pigments. Hard wearing and will not shatter on impact Plastic windows, bath tubs, display sign Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Stiff and hard wearing Pipes, coverings for electric cables, floor and wall coverings, packaging © Nelson Thornes 2011

Thermosetting polymers Thermosetting polymers are also known as thermosets. They are normally formed into a shape by a chemical reaction between liquids or powdered ingredients. Once they have set their shape cannot be changed again. They are harder and more rigid than thermoplastics. They cannot be recycled. © Nelson Thornes 2011

Thermosetting polymers Properties Examples of uses Epoxy resins Good resistance to chemicals and wear. Strong when reinforced Adhesives, printed circuit boards Melamine formald- hyde Good strength. Resistant to scratches Laminates for work surfaces, plastic plates Urea formald- hyde Good strength, but brittle – it will break rather than change shape Electrical fittings, light sockets, switches, plugs © Nelson Thornes 2011

Summary There are two types of polymer: thermosets and thermoplastics. Once a thermoset has been made into a product, its shape cannot be changed again. The shape of a thermoplastic can be changed by heating it up again. © Nelson Thornes 2011