Ch.15 Lesson 1 CRISIS! EQ: Explain the Missouri compromise, the Wilmot Proviso, Compromise of 1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act

REVIEW…..YOU DON’T HAVE TO WRITE THIS IN YOUR NOTES: Different Paths NORTH SOUTH Economy based on industry and commerce Larger population with more immigrants and no slavery Northern Easterners often moved West, and rail roads ran east and west creating strong ties with Northeast and Midwestern states Economy based on agriculture Smaller population with less immigrants, large slave population A few wealthy plantation owners controlled Southern society Huge profits from labor of slaves and successful farms, so little invested in industry

Missouri Compromise of 1820 Missouri wanted statehood, this would make # of slave/free states uneven Henry Clay created Missouri Compromise – admitting Missouri as slave state and Maine as free state Missouri Compromise important because it maintained balance of power between free and slave states Called for slavery to be banned in Louisiana Territory north of Missouri’s southern border.

The Wilmot Proviso North afraid South would try to make lands gained from war with Mexico slave territory To stop this, a bill, the Wilmot Proviso, was introduced to ban slavery in any territory US acquired from War with Mexico in 1846 South feared Northern Congress members were attempting to abolish slavery with Wilmot Proviso bill, and prevented it from passing David Wilmot

Slave or Free State? Slave State Texas wanted to join Union debates held about whether they would join as free or slave states Texas entered as slave state in 1845 FYI: Florida had entered that same year as a slave state and then Iowa and Wisconsin came in as free states. Slave State

What About California? Most Californians wanted to be free state CA couldn’t gain statehood without approval of congress If CA joined as free state, slave states would be outnumbered by the free states FREE STATE

The Compromise of 1850 With South discussing leaving Union, Henry Clay created another compromise Compromise of 1850 said: California admitted as free state Buying and selling slaves outlawed in Washington D.C. (nation’s capital) Congress passed stronger laws to help recapture runaway slaves Congress would not pass laws about slavery on rest of territories won from Mexico

Henry Clay’s Plan Many on both sides felt they give up too much with Compromise of 1850 Clay’s MAIN GOAL was to keep Union together (stop South from breaking away from Union) Within 5 months the plan succeeded, passing Congress, and became law…… keeping the Union together for now Henry Clay

Daniel Webster Senator from Massachusetts who Supported/fought for Compromise of 1850 Webster believed it was essential to keep Union together Gave many speeches arguing against the breaking up of the Union Daniel Webster

John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun Senator from South Carolina believed the South had the right to secede (leave the Union) leader in fight for state’s rights didn't like federal tariff taxes that only benefited North, considered tariffs unfair believed laws could be declared unconstitutional by individual states against Compromise of 1850 - because slaves were personal property Congress could not tell them what to do in regards to slaves/slavery John C. Calhoun

Fugitive Slave Act 1850 Law that helped slaveholders recapture runaway slaves. Southerners justified law because slaves were property Northerners resented law – required them to help recapture runaways Fined if didn’t cooperate and jailed if assisting runaways.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin Book written by Stowe in 1852 Popular in the North Portrayed the moral issues of slavery through the book’s main actor Uncle Tom. Popular in the North South felt it falsely criticized the South and slavery

Kansas- Nebraska Act 1854 Senator Stephen A. Douglas proposes bill to organize Nebraska territory by dividing it into two parts: Kansas and Nebraska Suggests the issue of slavery be settled by popular sovereignty which will repeal the Missouri Compromise. Popular Sovereignty = system where residents vote to decide on an issue. Southerners support Bill and became known as Kansas-Nebraska Act.

“Bleeding Kansas” March 1855 – at time of election more proslavery than antislavery settlers in territory 5 thousand Proslavery Missourians came to vote illegally. –So, Antislavery settlers boycott election and formed own government May – a proslavery mob attacked the town of Lawrence, Kansas.

John Brown Extreme abolitionist Takes revenge – Brown and 7others kill 5 people in the Pottawatomie Massacre. Civil War broke out for 3 years Territory became known as Bleeding Kansa.

Violence in Congress Preston Brooks attacks Senator Charles Sumner. Story ?