Imperialism of Japan Focus: What political, economic, and social changes occurred in Japan in the late 1800’s? How did Japan use western ideas to modernize and industrialize? How did Japan become a global power in the 1900’s? Regents Terms Tokugawa Shogunate Matthew Perry Treaty of Kanagawa Meiji Restoration Russo – Japanese War Map Closed Country Edict Matthew Perry Documents (Monday) Readings/Notes Tues Test on Imperialism – Wed/Thurs (12/19, 12/20)

Togugawa Isolation European traders had first arrived in Japan in the 1500’s. In the 1600’s, the Tokogawa shoguns had gained control of Japan. They brought stability to Japan but also banned almost all contact with the outside world. Limited trade was allowed only with the Dutch.

Matthew Perry American warships sailed to Japan commanded by Matthew Perry. Perry presented a letter to the Japanese from the U.S. President, asking that Japan open its ports. Europeans and Americans were not only offended by the Tokugawa isolation but resentful at not being able to use Japanese ports to re-supply or rebuild its ships. Impressed by the American show of strength, the shogun agreed to the Treaty of Kanagawa, ending Japans long period of isolation. This was the first of many treaties to be signed by Japan with foreign powers.

Treaty of Kanagawa The shogun agrees to open two Japanese ports to American ships. The U.S. soon won other trading rights with Japan. In time, Britain, France, and Russia gained similar trading rights. The Japanese feel that the Shogun is weak Some feel the need to modernize to compete Paves the way for the rebellion to overthrow the Shogun

Matthew Perry Arrives, 1853

Modernization and Industrialization In 1867, samurai lead a rebellion against the shogun that removed him from power. In 1868, the emperor becomes leader of Japan. This became known as the Meiji Restoration, or enlightened rule. During this time the emperor acted to reform and change Japan forever.

Borrowing from the West The Meiji Reformers were determined to strengthen Japan from the West. Members traveled aboard to learn about western government, economics, technology, and customs. In addition, foreign experts were invited to Japan.

Economic Development The Meiji government used Western methods and machinery to develop an industrial economy in Japan. The government built factories then sold them to wealthy families. These families became powerful in banking and industry and were known as Zaibatsu. The government supported the economy by developing a banking system and a postal system. It also built railroads and improved ports. By the 1890’s, the economy was flourishing. The population grew, and peasant migrated to the city in search of jobs.

Japan as a Global Power Soon, like Western powers, Japan used its industry and military strength to begin a policy of Imperialism. It sought colonies as sources of raw material and as markets for finished products. Colonies were gained through war. Sino-Japanese War (China) Russo-Japanese War

How does this picture demonstrate Japan’s move toward western culture?

The Russo-Japanese War 1904-05 The small island nation of Japan, with limited natural resources, DEFEATED the large (non-industrial) empire of Russia. Prediction: how will this effect Russia? Japan is recognized as a world power!

Summary: Japan & the New Imperialism: Tokugawa rule (1600-1868) was characterized by stability and ISOLATION In the mid 1800’s, Japan ended its long policy of isolation. The Meiji government that took power in 1868 used western ideas to begin a program of modernization that quickly turned Japan into a major industrial power. In the 1890s and 1900s, Japan used its modern military to become a global imperial power.