the Human Body Systems and homeostasis

Homeostasis Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable environment Ex: Billy was riding his bike and scrapped his knee. How did his body maintain homeostasis after his accident?

Homeostasis and the Human Body There are 11 body systems How do these systems maintain homeostasis? What happens if one or more of these systems function incorrectly?

Organization of the Human Body 1. cells 2. tissue 3. organs 4.organ systems

Skeletal System STRUCTURES: Bones, Cartilage, Ligaments, and Tendons FUNCTION: Supports the body, protects internal organs (lungs and heart) EX: Penny fell out of her tree house and broke her ankle. What would her body do so that her skeletal system can maintain homeostasis?

Integumentary System STRUCTURE: Skin, Hair, Nails, Sweat and Oil Glands FUNCTION: A barrier against infection and injury, helps regulate body temperature and protection from sun’s UV radiation EX: When Jenna started working out, her body temperature began to rise. What did her integumentary system do so that her body could maintain homeostasis?

top 2 layers of skin 1) Epidermis = outermost layer Has melanin (pigment that colors the skin & helps protect body cells form damage by solar radiation) 2) Dermis = 2nd principal layer of skin Contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, sweat glands.

Respiratory System STRUCTURE: Nose, Trachea, Lungs, Airways FUNCTION: Allows gas exchange. Provide oxygen needed for cellular respiration and remove carbon dioxide from the body EX: Aaron decided he wanted to ride his bike. After riding for about 10 minutes, what did his respiratory system do so that his body could maintain homeostasis?

Excretory System STRUCTURE: Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra FUNCTION: Eliminates waste products from the body. EX: Stephanie had four cups of Gatorade. What will her excretory system do so that her body can maintain homeostasis?

Structures/Organs of the Excretory System 2 kidneys- filter blood to remove wastes from it (maintaining homeostasis of body fluids) 2 Ureters- passageway from kidney to bladder Bladder- where urine is stored. Urethra- where urine exits

Muscular System STRUCTURES: Smooth, Skeletal, and Cardiac Muscles FUNCTION: Works with the skeletal system to provide movement. Helps circulate blood, and move food through digestive system EX: Jess decided that she wanted to be a professional body builder. Due to the increase of weight she is lifting, what will her body do so that she can maintain homeostasis?

Circulatory System STRUCURE: Heart, Blood Vessels, Blood FUNCTION: Brings oxygen, Nutrients, and Hormones to cells. Removes cellular waste Paul decided that he was going to run a race. After fifteen minutes into the race he needs to get more oxygen to his cells. What will Paul’s circulatory system do so that his body can maintain homeostasis?

Blood is a tissue composed of fluid, cells, & fragments The fluid portion of blood is called plasma Plasma makes up about 55% of the total volume of blood

Review systems..

Nervous System STRUCTURE: Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves FUNCTION: Recognizes and coordinates the body’s response to changes in internal and external environments (senses) EX: Josh fell down and broke his arm. How did his nervous system tell him that his body was not maintaining homeostasis?

Digestive System STRUCTURE: Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small and Large Intestine, Rectum FUNCTION: Coverts food into simpler molecules and that can be used by the cells of the body, absorbs food, and eliminates waste EX: Ben ate a large meal for dinner. He ate so much food that he thought his belly was going to pop the button off of his pants. What did Ben’s digestive system do so that he can maintain homeostasis?

Endocrine System STRUCTURE: Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, pancreases, ovaries, testes FUNCTIONS: Controls growth, development, and metabolism. Helps to maintain homeostasis Jessica ate a whole cookie cake. Her body is overloaded with sugar. What will her endocrine system do so that her body can maintain homeostasis?

Reproductive System STRUCTURES: Testes, Penis, Vagina, Ovaries, Fallopian Tubes FUNCTION: Produces reproductive cells; protects and nurtures developing embryo. EX: Jerod and his wife where trying to reproduce. After several attempts, the doctor said that Jerod has a low sperm count because his pants where to tight. What can Jerod do so that his reproductive system can maintain homeostasis?

Lymphatic/Immune Systems STRUCTURE: White blood cells, spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vessels FUNCTION: Helps protect the body from disease: collects fluids lost from blood vessels and returns it to the circulatory system EX: Jack cut his finger and it started to develop an infection. What did his Immune system do so that his body could maintain homeostasis?