School of Civil Engineering Highway Traffic and Safety Analyses Lecture 9: Highway Capacity Manual 2000 (original presentation by R. Dowling revised and expanded by A. Tarko) Purdue University School of Civil Engineering West Lafayette

Lecture Objectives To highlight the content of the Year 2000 edition of the Highway Capacity Manual. To help identify suitable procedures in the Manual things and properly apply to traffic operations problems. This seminar has two objectives: 1. To highlight the content and major changes of the Year 2000 edition of the Highway Capacity Manual, and 2. At the end of the seminar attendees will know: Where to find material in the HCM, How to apply the HCM to traffic operations problems, The major changes in methodology between the 1994, 1997, and 2000 HCM

Purpose of the HCM “To provide transportation practitioners and researchers with a consistent system of techniques for the evaluation of the quality of service on highway and street facilities.” “HCM does not set policies regarding a desirable or appropriate quality of service…” Part I states the purpose of the Highway Capacity Manual (see slide for details).

HCM 2000 Formats Book CD-ROM Five parts, 35 chapters Audio-visual tutorials CD-ROM presentation The HCM 2000 will come in two formats, a printed book and a CD-ROM. The CD-ROM will contain an electronic copy of the printed book plus a hyperlinked version of the manual with audio-visual aids. No capacity analysis software will be issued with the HCM 2000, as is currently the case. Users will have to obtain capacity analysis software from other sources.

HCM 2000 Table of Contents Part I - Overview Part II - Concepts Part III - Methodologies Part IV - Corridor and Areawide Analyses Part V - Simulation and Other Models The chapters of the HCM 2000 are grouped into 5 parts as shown in the slide. Part III will be the most recognizable because that is where updated versions of the majority of the current HCM chapters will reside. The other 4 parts are entirely new.

Part II. Concepts Describes factors affecting LOS. Identifies required input. Suggests default values for input. Provides service volume tables Part II chapters describe the factors affecting level of service, identify the input required to compute level of service, and provide suggested default values that can be used to fill in gaps in the available data. These chapters also provide service volume tables that can be used to quickly look up the number of lanes required to provide a target level of service for a given demand volume.

HCM Components This slide illustrates one of the Part II tables identifying required input data and suggesting default values for the computation of signalized intersection level of service.

This slide illustrates one of the Part II tables identifying required input data and suggesting default values for the computation of signalized intersection level of service.

HCM Components and Structure Chapter 9 is Your Gateway to the HCM Exhibit 9-1 lists facility types and components. The same exhibit gives Part II and Part III chapter references for each facility type. Chapter 9 Provides Guidance on: Use of defaults. Use of or development of service volume tables. Precision and accuracy of results. People wishing to apply the HCM 2000 to a particular problem should start with Chapter 9 in Part I. This chapter provides a road map to the other chapters of the manual. Exhibit 9-1 (shown on following slide) shows the facility types covered in the manual and provides the chapters related to each facility type. Chapter 9 also provides guidance on the use of defaults, the development of custom service volume tables, and the precision and accuracy of results.

Chapter 9 Structure of HCM This is the left hand side of Exhibit 9-1. This slide shows the chapters related to the analysis of Urban Streets and Freeways. Chapter 9 Structure of HCM

Chapter 9 Structure of HCM This right hand side of Exhibit 9-1 shows the chapters related to the analysis of highways, transit, pedestrian, and bicycle facilities. Chapter 9 Structure of HCM

Part III. Methodologies Provides Methodologies to Compute: Level of Service, Delay, Queues Contents Freeway Facilities (4 chapters) Urban Streets (3 chapters) Highways (2 chapters) Pedestrian & Bikeways (1 chapter) Transit (1 chapter) Part III chapters provide the analytical methodologies to be used to compute level of service, delay, and queues. There are 11 chapters in this part, 4 for freeways,3 for urban streets, 2 for rural highways, 1 each for pedestrians and bikeways, and 1 for transit.

Intersection Control This slide illustrates a diagram provided in Chapter 10 to aid planners in estimating the likely intersection control that would be in place at a future intersection. This figure was prepared prior to the recent FHWA report on roundabouts, and consequently does not reflect the recommendations contained in that report.

Required Data for Signals This slide illustrates one of the Part II tables identifying required input data and suggesting default values for the computation of signalized intersection level of service.

Level of Service Criteria This slide illustrates an example service volume table for urban streets. The user enters the table with the demand volume and class of the facility to determine the required number of through lanes. Note that level of service “A” and “B” are impossible to achieve under the default assumptions of signal timing and signal spacing that were used to construct this table. The user would need to construct their own service volume tables for other assumptions of signal timing and spacing.

Level of Service Criteria This slide illustrates an example service volume table for urban streets. The user enters the table with the demand volume and class of the facility to determine the required number of through lanes. Note that level of service “A” and “B” are impossible to achieve under the default assumptions of signal timing and signal spacing that were used to construct this table. The user would need to construct their own service volume tables for other assumptions of signal timing and spacing.

Transit LOS Criteria

Part IV. Corridor/Areawide Purpose: How to adapt HCM to planning models Multi-Modal Corridor Analysis Computation of intensity, duration, extent of congestion (for performance measures) Areawide Analysis Capacity analysis for planning models Speed-flow and node delay equations for models A new Part IV has been added to the Highway Capacity Manual that provides guidance on how to extend and adapt the Part III procedures to the analysis of corridors and large areas. The corridor analysis chapter gives guidance on multimodal analyses of corridors. Procedures are provided for computing the maximum intensity, duration, and physical extent of congestion. The area-wide analysis chapter provides guidance to planners wishing to adapt the HCM capacity equations for use in planning models. Special HCM based speed-flow and intersection (node) delay equations are provided for use in planning models

Part V. Simulation Purpose Contents Guidance on the use of simulation for conditions beyond the bounds of Part III. Contents Chapter 31. Simulation and Other Models Introduction to simulation techniques Part V contains entirely new material on the use of simulation for conditions that fall outside the range of applicability of the traditional capacity analysis procedures described in Part III of the HCM 2000. An introduction to simulation techniques is provided.

Using the HCM 2000 Determine Facility Type See Exhibit 9-1, Chapter 5 Definitions Exhibit 29-2 provides summary. Review Concepts, Inputs, Defaults Review relevant Part II chapter. Conduct Analysis Apply relevant Part III chapter. Interpretation of Results See Chapter 9 discussion on precision. See end of Part III Chapter for sensitivity discussion This slide review the four basic steps involved in applying the HCM 2000 to a capacity and level of service analysis problem. Step 1. Use Exhibit 9-1 and the definitions provided in Chapter 5 to determine the facility type. Exhibit 29-2 summarizes much of this information. Step 2. Review the relevant concepts, inputs, and defaults in the appropriate Part II chapter. Step 3. Conduct the analysis using the procedures described in Part III. Step 4. See the end of each Part III chapter and Chapter 9 for guidance on the interpretation of the results. This concludes Session 1, Overview.

CD ROM Tutorials 4. Delay 3:35 9. Control Delay at Signalized Intersections 5:50 20. Bicycle Events and Hindrance 3:05 21. Bicycle LOS by Facility Types 4:10 32. Transit Quality of Service 5:05

Highway Capacity Software No official TRB approved software FHWA sponsored software (2) Windows (Catalina), EZ-HCS written in JAVA Other developers McTrans, Strong Concepts, Dowling, KLD, etc. There never has been, and there is no official Transportation Research Board software for analyzing capacity. The Federal Highway Administration co-sponsoring the private development of two new software products by Catalina Engineering and Iteris for the analysis of capacity. These will be private sector commercial products upon their completion. Other private developers are also developing or updating their software for the HCM 2000. The CD-ROM is supposed to have links that allow users to identity the analysis software that they wish to call from the electronic version of the manual.