Summarise the Lorenz study starter Summarise the Lorenz study Name of researcher and year Participants Procedure Results What does this mean

Why do researchers use animals in experiments? Why don’t they use humans?

What is difference here? If this was a study, what do you think the aim of the study is? To investigate whether food or comfort was more important in forming a bond

Research would have suggested infants form attachments with caregivers which provide food However, Harlow suggested infants have an innate need to touch and cling to something for emotional support

Harlow 1959 8 monkeys were separated from their mothers immediately after birth and placed in cages with access to two surrogate mothers One made of wire One covered in soft cloth

conditions 4 monkeys per condition: Milk from the wire mother Milk from the cloth mother

What do you think happened? Both groups spent more time with the cloth mother – even if she had no milk The infant would only go to the wire mother when hungry Once fed, it would return to the cloth mother

If frightened… The monkeys would take refuge with the cloth mother The monkeys would explore more when the cloth mother was present

On whiteboards, write what you think the conclusion of this study is What does this mean? On whiteboards, write what you think the conclusion of this study is Hint: look at the aim

Harlow concluded Rhesus monkeys have an innate, unlearned need for comfort This suggests attachment concerns emotional security more than food

Summarise this study in five bullet points Activity Summarise this study in five bullet points Who? Participants? Procedure? Results? What this means?

In groups identify two strengths of this study

Strengths of harlow’s 1958 study The findings have provided an insight into attachment Attachment was previously thought to be related to food, rather than emotional care

Strengths of harlow’s 1958 study Real life application? Emphasises the importance of emotional care in hospitals, childrens homes and day care

In groups identify two weaknesses of this study

Does the study have internal validity? It can be applied to other Rhesus monkeys However, it lacks external validity Why is this? Can the results of the study can be generalized to other situations and to other people?

What does poor external validity mean in terms of generalisability What does poor external validity mean in terms of generalisability? You cannot assume what occurs for one species will apply to others

Cruel? Unethical? Monkeys suffered emotional harm being reared in isolation – this goes against ethical guidelines Female monkeys suffered when they became parents. These monkeys became so neurotic they harmed their own offspring

Select one strength or one weakness previously outlined Create a ‘PEEL’ evaluation Point Explain Example Link

What does BPS say about using animals? Does anyone know?? Any scientific procedure involving a protected animal that may have the effect of causing pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm is regulated under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986. This includes causing death, disease, injury, physiological or psychological stress, significant discomfort, or any disturbance to normal health, whether immediately or in the long term.

Think of the BPS How can we overcome using animals in studies? Minimising the number of animals used in an experiment through Appropriate pilot studies Reliable measures of behaviour Good experimental design The appropriate use of statistical tests

Looking at the handouts you have been provided, outline the differences between the ethical guidelines using humans and using animals

prep Read over both handouts, highlight the key information on both studies and complete any questions Due: Thursday 9th February will be checked in lesson