College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Training Requirements Individuals using multiple chemical procedures or chemicals in a laboratory must receive: General Laboratory Safety training Laboratory Safety Training specific to lab in use Questions? Contact College Safety Officer 422-687522

Training Requirements General Safety Training Objectives Awareness of government regulations Chemical handling and storage Biohazard handling and storage Disposal regulations College safety policies Questions? Contact College Safety Officer 422-687533

Government Regulations

OSHA Laboratory Standard OSHA Laboratory Standard 29 CFR 1910.1450 requirements: Limiting exposure to airborne contaminants Assessing exposure to regulated contaminants Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for all chemicals Training requirements for laboratory workers Medical consultation and exam Record keeping Content requirements for Chemical Hygiene Plans

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Outline hazard information Describe physical and chemical properties Recommend precautions for handling, storage, and disposal Always read MSDS before working with Chemicals Information on MSDS include: Supplier information Storage & handling procedures Chemical name & CAS number Emergency & first aid procedures Physical & chemical properties Disposal considerations Physical hazards Transportation information Health hazards Toxicity data

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Supplied by manufacturer Written and electronic versions available No MSDS, contact manufacturer (see container label) No info on label, go online http://hazard.com/msds/ In lab all MSDS copies for chemicals maintained & available Written copies of highly toxic, explosive, or reactive chemicals must be maintained in laboratory Online access to all others If shipping chemicals must also ship MSDS

University Regulations

General Laboratory Training from Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) Applies to all laboratories on campus using chemicals Explains how BYU is in compliance with OSHA laboratory standard Includes Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) -- mandatory practices Review CHP prior to working in laboratory using chemicals Access CHP http://lifesciences.byu.edu/safety/ChemicalHygienePlan-1.pdf

Hazardous Materials Exposure Hazardous materials include: Chemicals recognized to be harmful to people Infectious biological agents Radioisotopes / ionizing radiation emitted at harmful levels Chemical, biohazard, and radiation waste Hazardous materials enter the body via: Inhalation* Skin absorption* Ingestion Injection * Most common pathways for exposure

Methods to Control Hazardous Material Exposure 3 methods to minimize exposure: Work Practice Controls Personal Protective Equipment Engineering Controls

Work Practice Controls: Lab Reduce exposure duration, frequency, and severity to hazardous chemicals: Adoption of SOPs Post hazard signs outside laboratory doors Post signs on computers, printers in lab if gloves necessary to operate equipment Minimize exposure time when working with hazardous materials Restrict access where hazardous materials used Isolate lab areas carcinogenic/reproductive hazardous chemicals Wash hands when leaving lab Limit lab access to authorized individuals Keep doors close when lab not in use

Work Practice Controls: Lab No children allowed Prior written approval needed for child between 12 -18 years to enter No food consumption, storage in a refrigerator or freezer allowed No application of cosmetics including chap stick/lip balm No Pets allowed in the labs Prior approval is needed for guide dogs Avoid touching your face and nose while wearing gloves Avoid using your cell phone while wearing gloves Report: Unusual occurrences Unknown people showing interest in laboratory Ask who someone is, what doing in lab, if you don’t know him/her If someone doesn’t belong in lab, report him/her to supervisor, the department, college safety coordinator, or University Police

Work Practice Controls: Clothing Requirements DO NOTs No sandals or open-toed shoes No loose or hanging clothing No shorts Do not wear clothing that exposes any skin other than your arms or face DOs Use appropriate personal protective equipment ( i.e gloves, lab coat, etc) Increased hazards requires additional clothing Wear clothing like fitted cotton shirts, long denim pants, closed toes shoes

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Necessary to prevent potential body injury or impairment 1. Gloves: Latex and Nitrile NEVER WORN IN HALLWAYS OR ELEVATORS Compatible with chemical or process used Chemical compatibility and manufacturer information: http://risk.byu.edu/safety/Gloves.php fit snuggly –no bagging at fingers or wrist Double gloving with radioisotopes, carcinogens, etc. 2. Splash Goggles and Face Shields Impact, chemical or UV protection Select the correct type for process being used

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Necessary to prevent potential body injury or impairment 3. Lab Coat or Apron Protect against minor spills / splashes Removed before exiting lab 4. Respiratory Protection Highly toxic chemicals or biological hazards Special training and fit required Does not include surgical / dust masks

Engineering Controls Physical barriers minimize exposure, risk or injury Controls can include: Chemical hoods Directional air ventilation LRC video - “Using Chemical Hoods—A Laboratory Safety Test” Positive or negative pressure Gas tank anchors At 2/3 up (2nd at 1/3 if possible) Biosafety cabinets (BSC) Radiation shields Biosafety cabinet Radiation shield Gas tank anchors

Signs and Labels

NFPA Hazard Warning System (National Fire Protection Association) The NFPA diamond gives general hazard information Blue – Health Hazard Red – Flammability Yellow – Chemical Reactivity White – Special Hazard W - water contact hazard BIO - biological hazard - radiation hazard NFPA ratings for specific chemicals found in MSDS or on most primary containers Rating system is from 0 to 4 0 - no hazard 4 - severe hazard (can be lethal etc.)

Laboratory Hazard Signs Laboratory hazard signs are provided for emergency responders Contact information General hazard information Created by lab supervisor How to request a lab sign: Access the following website https://risk.byu.edu/apps/lab_sign/ Fill in the lab hazard data (typically less than 5 minutes) Submit the information Risk Management will post the sign

Container Labeling There are two types of containers, each is labeled differently: Primary Containers: Container shipped from manufacturer with manufacturer’s label Labels on a primary container MUST NOT BE: Removed Refaced Scribbled out / written over Correctly labeled primary container Improperly labeled primary container

Container Labeling There are two types of containers, each is labeled differently: Secondary Containers: Container holds contents of a primary container and bears a label by the lab If contents will be used immediately label is not needed Labels on a Secondary Container MUST HAVE: Content’s chemical name as on MSDS (non abbreviated) Indication of relative hazards of contents i.e. flammable, reactive, oxidizer, corrosive, target organs, etc. Correct label for secondary container Improperly labeled secondary container

Chemical Storage

Chemical Storage Storage basics: Group by compatibility Store dry and liquid chemicals separately Store in accordance with temperature requirements Store flammable chemicals away from ignition sources (i.e., computers, hotplates, burners) Oxidizers should not be stored on combustible shelving or next to organic chemicals (fuels) Shelving used for chemical storage must have a lip, rail, or door Lip keeps chemicals from falling off shelves during earthquakes Glass panel doors do not qualify

Chemical Storage Improper Storage Proper Storage Place groups of compatible chemicals together Compatibility found on the chemical label and in the MSDS information Store dry chemicals separate from liquid chemicals Store chemicals in accordance with temperature storage requirements Store flammable chemicals away from ignition sources (i.e., computers, hotplates, burners) Shelving used for chemical storage must have a lip, rail, or cable lip keeps chemicals from falling off shelves during earthquakes glass panel doors do not qualify Oxidizers should not be stored on combustible shelving or next to organic chemicals (fuels) Image on right: Improper Storage Incompatible chemicals stored together (oxidizers and fuel sources), no lip, rail, cable, or equivalent Improper Storage Incompatible chemicals together Oxidizers and fuel sources together Liquid and dry chemicals on same shelf Proper Storage

Liquid Chemical Storage Liquid chemicals should be stored at or below shoulder level to minimize the potential for liquid spills. Flammable Liquids: Store in a flammable liquids cabinet. Flammable liquids that require refrigeration must be stored in a fireproof refrigerator or freezer which does not contain any ignition sources. Liquid Acid and Bases: Store in a corrosives cabinet. Within the cabinet, the acids and bases should be stored in separate plastic tubs or other compatible secondary container.

Just-In-Time Acquisition of Chemicals Get rid of all un-needed chemicals Contact Chemicals Management at 422-6156 to get rid of old chemicals. When ordering chemicals, only order the amount currently needed for that semester - don’t order excess. Note: Some chemicals are more dangerous the longer they are stored (i.e. peroxide forming chemicals like ethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran). Benefits: Minimization of accidents, fires, or other events. More efficient use of storage space. Lowered expense (consider - less inventory, storage facilities, spill response measures and equipment, etc.)

BioSafety

Principles of Biosafety 4/1/2017 Principles of Biosafety Lab Practices and Techniques: Knowledgeable supervisor Personnel Aware of potential hazards Proficient in practices/techniques Biosafety manual specific to lab Decontaminate work surfaces daily Always wash hands when leaving Restrict or limit access to the lab when working Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories

Principles of Biosafety 4/1/2017 Principles of Biosafety Safety Equipment (Engineering Controls): Biosafety cabinets (BSCs) Not the same as chemical hoods Certified for different organisms types (level 2 or 3) Personal protective clothing Gloves Gowns Pipetting devices – No mouth pipetting permitted. Safety centrifuge cups and rotors Eye and face protection BSL3 level only: Respiratory protection Double door entry Directional inward airflow Single-pass air Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories

Principles of Biosafety 4/1/2017 Principles of Biosafety Biosafety Levels 1-3 Biosafety Level 1 (BSL1): The basic level for agents that are not known to be human pathogens in normal healthy humans. Examples used here at BYU: E. Coli K12 Level of most teaching labs in the College Biosafety Level 2 (BSL2): Moderate-risk agents that cause human disease. These diseases are not usually fatal. Infection path is most commonly through ingestion or mucous membrane exposure. Examples used here at BYU: Staph, Strep A, E. Coli O157:H7 Some research and teaching labs Biosafety Level 3 (BSL3): High-risk agents that have potential for serious and potentially lethal infections as a result of exposure by the inhalation route in humans. Most agents can be treated with antibiotics or vaccines. Examples used here at BYU: HIV Biosafety Level 4 (BSL4): High-risk agents that pose a high individual risk of aerosol-transmitted infections which cause severe to fatal disease in humans for which no known treatments are available. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories

4/1/2017 Biosafety Level 1 Suitable for work involving well-characterized agents not known to cause disease in healthy humans and of minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment. Safety Equipment and Standard Safety Practices Personal protective clothing: Gloves, lab coats, eye protection Work is generally conducted on open bench tops using standard microbiological practices Wash hands when done Wash work surfaces daily Limit lab access to authorized personnel Eating, drinking and applying cosmetics are prohibited Examples: E. Coli K12, Varicella (Chicken Pox) Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories

4/1/2017 Biosafety Level 2 Suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment. Includes various bacteria and viruses that cause only mild disease to humans, or are difficult to contract via aerosol in a lab setting Safety Equipment and Standard Safety Practices: Access to the lab is limited when work is being conducted. Doors must be closed at all times Extreme precautions are taken with contaminated sharp items Biosafety cabinets (class II) for work with infectious agents involving: Aerosols and splashes Large volumes High concentrations Biosafety manual specific to lab Immunizations may be required by your Faculty mentor before working in the lab Examples: Measles virus, E. Coli O157:H7, Salmonellae, Hepatitis A, B, and C Immunization or antibiotic treatment is available Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories

4/1/2017 Biosafety Level 3 Suitable for work with infectious agents which may cause serious or potentially lethal disease as a result of exposure by the inhalation route. Safety Equipment and Standard Safety Practices: BSL1 and 2 plus laboratory personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic and potentially lethal agents Separate, isolated zone with double door entry Directional inward airflow with signal-pass air Restricted access, always Criteria for entry (e.g. immunization) Biosafety cabinets class III Annual medical testing (e.g. TB skin test) Know symptoms of pathogens you are working with in laboratory Maintain lab entry log Examples: M. tuberculosis, B. anthracis(anthrax), HIV. Infection serious, possibly lethal. Treatments or immunizations are available Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories

Spills and Waste Disposal

Clean Release / Spills What Can and Cannot be Cleaned up Some chemical, biological, or radioisotope releases can be cleaned up, whereas other releases create an emergency (evacuate). Laboratories must determine what can and cannot be cleaned up should a release occur. Materials used to clean-up spills must be treated as hazardous waste, placed in the proper container, labeled, and provided to Chemicals Management. Do not place paper towels or other materials used for clean-up in the trash. For help, contact Risk Management and Safety 422-4468, Chemicals Management 422-6156, or College Safety Coordinator 422-6875

Hazardous Releases / Spills BE PREPARED A spill kit, adequate with supplies needed to clean up materials that may spill, needs to be created and ready to use in the lab at all times. A basic spill kit generally consists of: Spill Pillows Inert absorbent material (sand will usually work) Dust Pan & Broom Splash Goggles Pair of Chemical Resistant Nitrile Gloves Pair of Booties A Lab Apron Properly Labeled Waste Disposal Bags

Regulated Waste Disposal Most waste generated in a laboratory qualifies as regulated waste which can not be disposed of in the normal trash. Chemicals Management will dispose of: Chemical waste Other Wastes Aqueous Batteries Solid Oil-bearing devices Other Circuit boards Biohazardous waste Aerosol cans Radioactive waste Sharps In sharps container only Chemicals Management can not dispose of: Mixed waste (any mix of the above wastes)

Regulated Waste Disposal Most waste generated in a laboratory qualifies as regulated waste which can not be disposed of in the normal trash. Glass: Dispose in a sturdy cardboard box –not the trash Rinsed empty chemical bottles Large pieces of broken glass When full – seal tightly and mark broken glass for custodians to remove If from acutely hazardous material it is managed as hazardous waste Contact Chemicals Management for waste storage containers and waste pickups at: 422-6156 or http://risk.byu.edu/environmental/ Click on “Hazardous Waste Pickup”

Disposing of Chemical Waste Use waste containers provided by Chemicals Management Label waste containers with the proper labels (those provided by Chemicals Management) Have waste containers removed from the lab within 3 days of being filled. Containers must be closed at all times except when adding or removing waste. Incompatible wastes must be kept segregated. Contact Chemicals Management (422-6156) for waste disposal

Disposing of Biohazardous Waste Liquid Biohazardous Waste: Autoclave or disinfect with bleach and flush down the drain. Then disinfect the sink with additional bleach Solid Biohazardous Waste: All waste should, except sharps, be double bagged before being disposed Must be packaged in either a red biohazard bag, or a bag which is labeled as biohazardous and displays the biohazard symbol. All Sharps are treated as a biohazard and should be disposed of in a sharps container separate from other biohazard waste. All Petri dishes are treated as a biohazard, even if they are clean, and should be disposed in a biohazard bag. DO NOT PLACE IN THE NORMAL TRASH! Low-risk biohazardous waste can be picked up by Chemicals Management. Request a biohazardous container. High-risk biohazardous waste must be autoclaved and then received by Chemicals Management. Animal remains or specimens must be frozen by the lab before disposal by Chemicals Management

Disposing of Radioactive Waste All radioactive waste must be segregated by isotope Containers must be labeled with the isotope, the amount in microcuries, the lab number, and the date. Liquids: Call Chemicals Management for more information Solids: Must contain NO liquid (including droplets) Collect waste in clear plastic bags. Insure that the bags are labeled (see above) and closed before being received by Chemicals Management for disposal. Radioactive sharps need to be separate from Biohazardous sharps. Do not use a red biohazard sharps container for radioactive sharps.

Other Safety Issues

Housekeeping A well kept lab coincides with better research and a safe work environment Keep carcinogenic and / or reproductive hazardous chemicals in a designated area to minimize exposure and contamination Dispose of trash when it is generated. Prevent accumulation of waste Don’t place empty bottles and other trip hazards in a walkway. Keep chemicals and glassware away from the edge of counters. Spills need to be cleaned up when generated. Good Housekeeping Poor Housekeeping

Emergency Equipment Eyewash/ Shower Suitable eyewash/shower stations must be immediately accessible and usable to lab personnel that are using chemicals that could injure the eyes/skin. Rinse for 10-20 minutes Remove contacts (if present) while washing eyes Seek medical help as soon as possible Not Suitable Suitable

Specific Laboratory Training Lab training must include: The physical and health hazards of the chemicals being used in the laboratory How individuals can protect themselves while using hazardous materials Which PPE is required for the lab How to detect a release of chemicals or biohazards What to do if a release occurs (clean-up or evacuate the lab/building?) Specific lab training provided by those in charge of the lab

End of Safety Training Document Your Training Document and receive credit for your training by completing the General Life Sciences Laboratory Safety Test online. Log into blackboard Quiz is located in the Life Sciences Safety and Compliance Organization 80% score needed to be pass If you have any questions please contact Rebecca Scholl, Life Sciences Safety Coordinator (422-6875) rebecca_scholl@byu.edu Lab specific training must also be documented.