Layers of the Earth

Think of the layers of the Earth like the layers of a cake.

Chemical Composition: Type of rock and density of material in each layer Physical Properties: Whether the material in each layer is solid and rigid or plastic and fluid.

How can we talk about the layers of the Earth? Chemical Composition of the Earth Outermost Innermost CRUST MANTLE CORE

How can we talk about the layers of the Earth? Outermost: The layer that is outside of all the other layers The Crust Innermost: The layer that is inside of all the other layers The Core CMC CRUST MANTLE CORE

Crust Hard and rigid (tectonic plates) Least dense material Less than 1% of Earths mass Temperature between 0°C - 1,000°C

Mantle Thickest layer About 67% of Earths mass of the earth Semisolid rock (silicon, iron, magnesium) Temperature between 1,000°C-3,700°C

The lithosphere (crust and upper mantle) is divided into separate plates which move very slowly in response to the “convecting” part of the mantle. * Draw the convection circles on your diagram

Core Densest layer About 33% of Earth’s mass Made of iron and nickel Approximately 3,700°C-7,000°C

The Earth is like a peach or a boiled egg The Earth is like a peach or a boiled egg. Turn to a seat partner and discuss these analogies. Come up with another analogy and be prepared to share.

Lithosphere – Crust and Upper Layer of the Mantle Inner Core Solid Outer Core Liquid Mantle Lithosphere – Crust and Upper Layer of the Mantle Layer of the Mantle (asthenosphere) that consists of hot rock of tar-like consistency, which slowly moves

Lithosphere The rigid outermost part of the earth Made of the crust and upper mantle

Asthenosphere The ‘plastic’ rock layer of the mantle Lithospheric plates move on convection currents

Mesosphere The strong, lower part of the mantle Less fluid

Outer Core Liquid layer Mostly iron and nickel

Inner Core The innermost layer of the earth Extremely hot, solid sphere of mostly iron and nickel.

What do these two images tell us about the layers of the Earth?

Temperature increases as depth increases

Look at the information in the graph and table below Look at the information in the graph and table below. What’s the relationship between depth and density/pressure?

Density and Pressure increase as depth increases

** Add this statement and an arrow going from the crust to the core. Temperature, Density and Pressure increases as depth increases

Temperature, density and pressure increases as depth increases

BONUS INFORMATION… What layer makes up 33% of the Earth’s mass? THE CORE What layer do we live on? THE CRUST

Practice! Write as many sentences as you can about the layers of the Earth using the word “between”.

Practice! Write a sentence about the layers of the Earth using the word “outermost”.

Practice! Write a sentence about the layers of the Earth using the word “innermost”.

Practice! What are the layers of the Earth (from the innermost layer to the outermost layer)

Practice! What are the physical layers of the Earth (from the outermost to the innermost layer)?

Tectonic Plates Definition: Several large slabs of the lithosphere that hold the continents and oceans and are slowly but constantly moving around the earth.