15.2 The Reformation Continues/ 15.3 The Catholic Reformation World History A Mr. Schabo (from Mr. Hurley)

John Calvin Law Student in France during reform in Switzerland 1536: Published Institutes of the Christian Religion Summary of religious beliefs expressing ideas about God, salvation, and human nature Men and women are sinful by nature Predestination: God has decided who will have salvation BEFORE they are even born!

Calvinist Reformation in Switzerland Calvin believed ideal government was a theocracy In 1541, Protestants in Geneva, Switzerland asked Calvin to lead their city Authorities would imprison, excommunicate, or banish those who broke new strict rules NO BRIGHT CLOTHING! NO CARD GAMES! EVERYONE ATTENDS RELIGION CLASS! If anyone preached different religious doctrines they were burned at the stake To many Protestants, Geneva was model city for highly moral protestants

The Spread of Calvinism A visiting Scottish preacher, John Knox saw Geneva, and took Calvinism back to Scotland Created communities led by laymen called Presbyterians Knox’ followers became Presbyterians Calvinism became official religion of Scotland Swiss, Dutch, and French reformers adopted Calvinism Many Churches today trace heritage back to Calvin French “Huguenots” would clash with Catholics August 24th, 1572 Catholic mobs hunted for Protestants and murdered them. Massacres spread to other cities and lasted 6 months.

European Religions by Mid-16th Century

Anabaptist Different Christian groups would form off of different interpretations of the Bible Anabaptists would baptize only those old enough who could decide to be baptized Most Christians Baptize in infancy Anabaptist means baptize again Catholics and Protestants viewed them as radicals who threatened society and persecuted them

Break! Stand up if the answer is true, put up a thumb down if the answer is false: Calvinists believe in Predestination, or that God has decided who will have salvation BEFORE they are even born! - John Knox took Calvinism back to Scotland and created the Huguenots. Anabaptists would baptize only those old enough who could decide to be baptized

St. Ignatius of Loyola Turning point in his life when he was injured in war During recovery reflected on his life and sins Believed his daily devotions cleansed his soul Wrote Spiritual Exercises Laid out day-by-day plan of meditation, prayer, and study

Society of Jesus The pope created a religious order for Ignatius’s followers called the Society of Jesus Members were called Jesuits Jesuits focused on Education Converting Christians to Catholicism Stop the spread of Protestantism

Reforming Popes Pope Paul III (1534-1549) took 4 important steps Directed council of cardinals to investigate indulgences Approved Jesuit order Used the Inquisition to seek out heresy in papal territory (punished people who broke the rules of the church) Called council leaders to meet in Trent In 1959, Pope Paul IV had officials draw up a list of books considered dangerous to the Catholic faith Index of Forbidden Books Catholic bishops had to round up the books and burn them 10,000 books burned in one day in Venice, Italy

Council of Trent At the Council of Trent, Catholic bishops and cardinals agreed to these doctrines: The Church’s Interpretation of the Bible was final Christians needed faith and good work for salvation The bible and Church tradition were equal for guiding life Indulgences were an expression of faith, but false selling of indulgences was banned

Reformation Legacies Religious and Social Effects Political Effects Protestant Churches flourished and developed new denominations Roman Catholic church became more unified Both Catholics and Protestants became more concerned with the role of education Political Effects Church’s moral and political authority declined, monarchs and states gained power Led to development of modern nation-states Laid the groundwork for the Enlightenment