Introduction to Anatomy and Kinesiology

Introduction A major goal of exercise training is improve cardiovascular and musculoskeletal fitness.

Introduction Physiological adaptation of muscle to exercise training is evidenced by improvements in: Muscle Strength Muscle Endurance Flexibility Resistance to Injury

Introduction Why is it important for a personal trainer to have a thorough understanding of the principles of body alignment and kinesiology principles? So that the personal trainer can design safe, effective and efficient exercise training programs to improve musculoskeletal fitness.

Introduction Two disciplines primarily involved in describing human movement: Biomechanics: study of mechanical laws related to motions Kinesiology: Study of motion

Introduction Kinesiology studies: Gait Body Alignment Posture Ergonomics and Work Sports and Exercise Movements Activities of Daily Living

Activities of Daily Living Routine activities that people tend to do everyday without needing assistance

Activities of Daily Living Eating Dressing Bathing Toileting Walking Continence

Anatomical Position Body is erect with feet together and the upper limbs positioned at the sides, palms of the hands forward, thumbs facing away from the body and fingers extended

Three Planes that pass through the body Sagittal: Divides the body into right and left halves Frontal: Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts Transverse: Divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Three Planes that pass through the body

Movements that occur in the 3 Planes of Motion Sagittal: Any motion that occurs going forward, bicep curl, walking lunge Frontal: Any movement that occurs on the side, lateral hops, hip abduction, jumping jacks, also includes overhead presses Transverse: Any rotational movements that involve twisting and turning – swinging a bat or throwing a ball https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTRIrEh atRI

Identify Which plane of motion the following exercises occur – Answers on Last Slides Leg Extension Lateral Raise Bicycle Crunch

Center of Gravity

Introduction An objects Center of Gravity is the theoretical point where the weight force of the object can be considered to act. It changes with movement and depends on body position.

Introduction The line of gravity is an imaginary vertical line passing through the center of gravity and is typically assessed while the subject is standing. The line of gravity helps define proper body alignment and posture.

Postural Abnormalities Observed via Center of GRavity Rounded shoulders Kyphosis Lordosis Forward Head Posture Pelvic Tilt Muscular imbalances

Explain the role that the line of gravity plays…. An older adult stands with the feet far apart and toes turned outward The individual is creating a larger, wider base of support (within which the line of gravity falls) in order to improve stability and balance

Explain the role that the line of gravity plays…. A client performs resistance training with dumbbells The line of gravity must act in direct opposition to the line of movement if the exercise is going to safely and effectively target the working muscles

Explain the role that the line of gravity plays…. An athlete runs during a cardiovascular workout The line of gravity shifts beyond the base of support during running and the individual moves to reestablish a new base of support with each step

Answers

Identify Which plane of motion the following exercises occur – Answers on Last Slides Leg Extension - Saggittal Lateral Raise - Frontal Bicycle Crunch - Transverse