5.2 Ionic Bonds Key Concepts: What are ions, and how do they form bonds? How are the formula and names of ionic compounds written? What are the properties.

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Presentation transcript:

5.2 Ionic Bonds Key Concepts: What are ions, and how do they form bonds? How are the formula and names of ionic compounds written? What are the properties of ionic compounds? Key terms: ion, polyatomic ion, ionic bond, ionic compound, chemical formula, subscript, crystal

Ions and Ionic Bonds How ions form: An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge. When an atom loses an electron, it loses a negative charge and becomes a positive ion. When an atom gains an electron, it gains a negative charge and becomes a negative ion.

Polyatomic Ions Some ions are made of several atoms. For example, ammonium ions are made of nitrogen and hydrogen atoms. Ions made of more than one atom are called polyatomic ions. They have an overall positive or negative charge.

Ionic Bonds Oppositely charged particles attract. Ionic bonds form as a result of the attraction between positive and negative ions. Example: Cl- and Na+ form NaCl. A compound that results because of positive and negative bonds, such as NaCl, is called an ionic compound.

Chemical Formulas and Names Compounds can be represented by chemical formulas. A chemical formula is a combination of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in a compound. Example: MgCl2

Formulas of ionic compounds When ionic compounds form, the ions come together in a way that balances out the charges on the ions. The chemical formula for the compound reflects this balance. Two chloride ions, each with a charge of -1 will balance out magnesium -2. A subscript tells you the ratio of elements in the compound. For example, 1 to 2.

Naming ionic compounds For an ionic compound, the name of the positive ion comes first, followed by the name of the negative ion. If the negative ion is a single element, like NaCl, it usually ends with –ide. If the negative ion is polyatomic, its name ends with –ate or –ite.

Properties of Ionic Compounds In general, ionic compounds are hard, brittle crystals that have high melting points. When dissolved in water or melted, they conduct electricity. Crystals – 3 dimensional arrangement High melting points because ionic bonds are strong Electrical conductivity -

Electrical conductivity After an ionic compound melts, the ions are able to move freely, and the liquid conducts current. In contrast, ionic compounds as solids do not conduct current well.